week 2 Integumentary

Question 1

two main structures of integumentary system

Answer 1

Cutaneous membrane(skin) and accessory structures(hair and glands)

Question 2

Functions of skin

Answer 2

protection of underlying tissues, maintenance of body temperature, detection of touch

Question 3

Effective diffusion distance

Answer 3

1mm

Question 4

Keratinocytes

Answer 4

contain large amounts of keratin which are tough fibrous protein

Question 5

fibrous protein

Answer 5

tough and durable, strength from twist and insoluble

Question 6

globular protein

Answer 6

compact and soluble

Question 7

thin skin

Answer 7

covers most of the body

has four layers of keratinocytes

Question 8

thick skin

Answer 8

covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

has five layers of keratinocytes

Question 9

5 structures in epidermis

Answer 9

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum and corneum

Question 10

Lucidum is not in

Answer 10

thin skin

Question 11

epidermal ridges

Answer 11

fingerprints

Question 12

merkel cells

Answer 12

found in hairless skin

Question 13

melanocytes

Answer 13

contains pigment melanin

Question 14

keratin

Answer 14

a tough, fibrous protein

Question 15

keratinization

Answer 15

formation of a layer of dead, protective cells filled with keratin

Question 16

insensible perspiration

Answer 16

interstitial fluid (fluid between cells) lost by evaporation through the stratum corneum

Question 17

sensible perspiration

Answer 17

water excreted by sweat glands

Question 18

skin color is influenced by

Answer 18

carotene and melanin and blood circulation

Question 19

carotene

Answer 19

orange-yellow pigment can be converted to vitamin a

Question 20

Melanin

Answer 20

yellow/red (pheomelanin) pigment and brown/black (Eumelanin) pigment

Question 21

Ultraviolet radiation has effects on the structure of

Answer 21

DNA

Question 22

Epidermal cells produce

Answer 22

vitamin D3

Question 23

Peptide

Answer 23

a chain of amino acids

Question 24

insufficiency of vitamin D3 can cause

Answer 24

rickets

Question 25

Epidermal growth factor

Answer 25

promotes division of germinative cells, accelerates keratin production, and epidermal repair

Question 26

two components of the Dermis

Answer 26

papillary layer and deep reticular layer

Question 27

Papillary Layer

Answer 27

consists of areolar tissue

Question 28

reticular layer

Answer 28

consist of dense irregular connective tissue; contains fivers from an inter-woven mesh,

Question 29

connective tissue proper

Answer 29

reticular

Question 30

Collagen fibers

Answer 30

very strong, provide flexibility but then can bend

Question 31

Elastic fibers

Answer 31

Permit stretching and then recoil to original length and limit collagen bending to prevent tissue damage

Question 32

Skin turgor

Answer 32

both collagen and elastic

Question 33

cleavage lines

Answer 33

surgical considerations

Question 34

Hypodermis

Answer 34

lies below the integument and connected to reticular layer of the integument. Stabilized the position of the skin.

Question 35

Hair Follicle is an

Answer 35

organ

Question 36

Arrector pili

Answer 36

involuntary smooth muscle, prduces "goose bumps"

Question 37

Sebaceous glands

Answer 37

control bacteria and lubricates hair

Question 38

Hair root vs hair shaft

Answer 38

hair root is attached and shaft is not attached to integument

Question 39

Hair papilla

Answer 39

contains capillaries and nerves

Question 40

Medulla of hair shaft

Answer 40

central core, soft, flexible keratin

Question 41

Cortex of hair shaft

Answer 41

middle layer, hard keratin

Question 42

Cuticle of hair shaft

Answer 42

surface layer

Question 43

club hair

Answer 43

no longer growing

Question 44

Types of hair:

Answer 44

Lanugo (fuzziness on newborn), Vellus hair (soft, fine) and Terminal hairs (heavy, pigmented)

Question 45

sebaceous glands

Answer 45

oil glands

Question 46

Sweat glands:

Answer 46

apocrine glands | Merocrine gland: watery secretion

Question 47

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 47

begin to function at puberty

Question 48

Myoepithelial cells

Answer 48

contraction of cells squeezes gland

Question 49

Holocrine

Answer 49

stem cells then replace these cells

Question 50

Aprocine

Answer 50

cell repaired

Question 51

Merocrine

Answer 51

fusion with something outside. sensible perspiration

Question 52

Mammary glands

Answer 52

produce milk

Question 53

Ceruminous glands

Answer 53

produce earwax

Question 54

Nail production happens near

Answer 54

the deep epidermal old aka the nail root

Question 55

A scab

Answer 55

stabilizes and protects area

Question 56

A clot

Answer 56

isolates the area