Week 4

Question 1

Risk Factors

Answer 1

How predisposed a person is to having a mental disorder. There are 3 factors.

Biological

Psychological

Socio-cultural

Question 2

Clinically significant

Answer 2

A measure of how marked, substantial or significant the symptoms are that the person would benefit from professional treatment. This is judged by a clinician.

Question 3

DSM-IV-TR

Answer 3

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (The IV is 4, TR is text revision)

The primary North American Reference for mental disorders. 4th edition.

Question 4

Three-prong test

Answer 4

Test to determine clinical significance.

Ask yourself three things to determine if the individual has a mental disorder:

1. Does the behaviour interfere with normal daily life?
2. Are the behaviours expected reactions to their environments?
3. Are the behaviours freely chosen or are they a manifestation of dysfunction?

Question 5

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 5

Category of Mental Disorder:

An irrational fear of something or a situation that isn’t actually dangerous.

• Specific Phobia
• Panic Disorder (panic attacks are different)
• Agoraphobia
• Social Phobia/Social Anxiety
• OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)
• PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
• GAD (General Anxiety Disorder)

Question 6

Specific Phobia

Answer 6

An irrational fear of a particular stimuli or situation that presents no danger.

THINK: heights, dogs, spiders, sharks

Question 7

Panic Disorder

Answer 7

Experiencing panic attacks without any stimuli or feeling of fear.

Question 8

Panic Attack

Answer 8

A physiological reaction to stimuli that presents no real threat.

THINK: sweating, heart rate increase, shortness of breath.

Question 9

Agoraphobia

Answer 9

The fear of experiencing symptoms of a panic attack in public and being evaluated by others during the attack.

Question 10

Social Phobia/ Social Anxiety

Answer 10

Experiencing symptoms of anxiety from being in a social situation of from the fear of being evaluated by others.

THINK: They’ll think I’m boring.

Question 11

Obsessions

Answer 11

Re-occuring and unwanted thoughts or images that constantly come to mind even though they are known to be irrational.

Question 12

Compulsions

Answer 12

Repetitive acts or rituals that must be carried out in order for the individual to feel like they are reducing their anxiety.

Question 13

OCD

Answer 13

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Usually have obsessions or compulsions but not both.

Question 14

PTSD

Answer 14

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Occurs after a traumatic experience but prolongs for longer than should. Re-occuring flashbacks, dreams and make the individual re-experience the traumatic event and is triggered by specific stimuli that remind them of the event.

Symptoms: trouble sleeping, trouble concentrating, triggered by specific stimuli, flashbacks, feeling that they live in a dangerous world, vulnerability, unable to love or feel close to others.

Question 15

GAD

Answer 15

General Anxiety Disorder

Constant worry of everyday events. Triggered by anything.

Symptoms: trouble sleeping, trouble concentrating, constant worry, everyday triggers.

Question 16

Somatoform Disorders

Answer 16

Category of Mental Disorder:

Involve physical symptoms of a medical illness although no medical cause can be detected.

• Somatization Disorder
• Undifferentiated Somatization Disorder
• Conversion Disorder
• Pain Disorder
• Hypochondriasis
• Body Dysmorphic

SUCPHB

Question 17

Somatization Disorder

Answer 17

Lots of physical symptoms for several years that can not be explained of medical causes. Symptoms have to be - gastro-intestinal, sexual, pseudo-neurological.

Question 18

Undifferentiated Somatization Disorder

Answer 18

Physical symptoms for at least 6 months with no explanation due to medical cause. But doesn’t meet the threshold to be considered a somatization disorder.

Question 19

Conversion

Answer 19

Loss of motor control or sensory functioning that appear to be a neurological condition but no evidence due to medical causes. Must be a psychological disorder due to a psychological trauma.

THINK: Little boy in the secret garden

Question 20

Pain Disorder

Answer 20

Significant pain after a psychological trauma

Question 21

Hypochondriasis

Answer 21

Preoccupation to having a serious medical condition despite evidence of not having one.

Question 22

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Answer 22

Preoccupation with a part of the body. Thought that it is defective (imagined or exaggerated).

THINK: toe in killbill

Question 23

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 23

Category of Mental Disorder:

Involve loss or confusion of consciousness, identity, memory, perception.

• Dissociative Amnesia
• Dissociative Fugue
• Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Depersonalization Disorder

AFID

Question 24

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 24

In response to a traumatic event, forgetting important personal info.

Question 25

Dissociative Fugue

Answer 25

One day, for no apparent reason leaving work/home and moving away, forgetting who you are and where you came from. Making new identity.

Question 26

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 26

DID Having the presence of 2 or more distinct personalities within an individual. "Alters" Different behaviour guided by diff personalities at diff times. THINK: football player video

Question 27

Depersonalization Disorder

Answer 27

Sensation that one is detached or outside one's body.

Question 28

Personality Disorders

Answer 28

Category of Mental Disorder: Hardest to diagnose and most controversial of the disorders. - Anti-social Personality Disorder - Borderline Personality Disorder

Question 29

Anti-social Personality Disorder

Answer 29

- lack of empathy/ remorse - lying - cheating - law breaking

Question 30

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 30

- low self worth - unstable relationships - mood control problems - inflict pain on themselves - fear of abandonment

Question 31

Abnormal Psychology

Answer 31

The study of mental illness

Question 32

Maladaptive Behaviour

Answer 32

This type of behaviour determines if the individual can be considered "abnormal" or just a bit quirky. - Behaviour causes stress to self/others - Behaviour impairs daily functioning - Behaviour increases the risk of detrimental consequences: injury, death, legal problems, punishment

Question 33

Etiology

Answer 33

The origins/causes of symptoms of mental disorders (In the DSM-IV each disorder has an etiology).

Question 34

Prognosis

Answer 34

How the symptoms will persist or change over time if no treatment is sought out. (In the DSM-IV each disorder is given a prognosis).

Question 35

Insanity Defence

Answer 35

A legal term. Stating that the criminal did not know the difference between right and wrong at the time of the crime. THINK: Mom who drowned her 5 babies showed no remorse and thought she was acting in the right mindset where some criminals show remorse for their acts.

Question 36

Stigma

Answer 36

The cultural ideas that go along with "labelling" a mental disorder. Negative stereotypes which can lead to discrimination.

Question 37

Categorical vs. Dimensional

Answer 37

Way of viewing a mental disorder. Categorical: Do they have it? Yes or No. Dimensional: Are some symptoms present? Do they show some signs of a mental disorder but not all symptoms? Can they be places on a spectrum or continuum?

Question 38

Medical model & Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 38

Used together to identify, diagnose and recommend treatment for psychological disorders. Medical - just like a medical condition like diabetes, psychological disorders have symptoms and probable causes. Biological - there are underlying physiological reasons that explain why individuals with mental disorders feel the way they do Psychological - attitude and outlook on life with negative beliefs are all psychological factors Social - The environment that has facilitated or helped to prevent a psychological disorder

Question 39

Static Factors vs. Dynamic Factors

Answer 39

Static Factors are things that you can't change. They alway stay the same THINK: prior convictions (will never change) Dynamic Factors are things that can be changed and these will be targeted in treatment THINK: attitudes and mental heath