Flashcards in Week 4.2 Hematologic Disease Deck (33)
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1
what organs are involved in the hematopoietic system
lymph nodes,
spleen
kidneys
thymus
bone marrow
liver
2
the components of whole blood
plasmas (antibodies, nutrients and removes waste)
erythrocytes (RBC: hemoglobin and O2 and CO2 transport)
leukocytes (WBC: immune response)
thrombocytes (Platelets: controls clotting)
3
are primary hematologic diseases common
not really
4
what kinds of blood diseases are common
from medications
5
what can long term use of NSAIDs causes
gastric and peptic ulcers, bleeding and iron deficiency
6
what can chemotherapy cause
leukopenia, which can cause infection and flu like symptoms of fever, shills, tissue inflammation, mucus membrane ulcers, mouth throat and esophageal pain
7
what kinds of treatment can cause thrombocytopenia and what is this
decreased platelets can lead to easily bruising and spontaneous bleeding, which can be caused by RA or cancer treatment
8
what are the two main considerations PT must consider with patients
bleeding and clotting
9
what are minimal effort physical exertion symptoms
dyspnea
chest pain
palpitations
severe weakness
fatigue
10
what are integumentary symptoms
pallor of the hands, nails and lips,
cyanosis or clubbing
wounds
easily bleeding and bruising
11
what are some life threatening symptoms
blood in stool or pain and swelling in joints
12
what are the common erythrocyte disorders
anemia (too few)
polycythemia (too many)
13
poikilocytosis
abnormally shaped erythrocytes
14
anisocytosis
abnormal variation in size of erythrocytes
15
hypochromia
erythrocytes deficient in Hg
16
is anemia a disease or symptom
symptom
17
what is anemia
reduction in the O2 capacity of blood due to abnormal quality or quantity of RBC
18
what can cause anemia
blood loss,
increased destruction of erythrocytes
decreased proaction of erythrocytes
19
what are risk factors for anemia
diet deficiency of B12
intestinal disorders
menstruation
pregnancy
chronic conditions (kidney failure, diabetes, ulcers)
family hx
infections, blood diseases, autoimmune, chemicals, medications
20
what are the 4 broad categories of anemia
iron deficiency
chronic disease or inflammatory
neurologic conditions
infectious diseases
21
what is the most common form of iron deficiency
GI bleeding from NSAIDS
22
what is pernicious anemia
can't make enough RBC because not enough B12. at an increased risk hip fracture
23
what are some infectious diseases that cause anemia
TB, cancer, AIDS
24
when might people start showing symptoms
when hematocrit drops below 1/2 of normal
25
anemia S+S
-skin pallor
-fatigue
-dyspnea with exertion
-chest pain
-decreased diastolic BP
-NS malfunctions (HA, drowsy, dizzy, slow though processes, depression, polyneuropathy)
26
what physical characteristics do we want to observe if we suspect anemia
skin color, warmth nail beds, oral mucosa and conjunctiva
27
how do we want to test the skin
at heart level
28
what is sickle cell
abnormal shape of RBC, they cannot enter the cells anymore because they lost the ability to deform. This can cause severe pain, infections, organ damage.
29
what 2 things results from sickle cell anemia
chronic hemolytic anemia and vasoocclusion
30
