Week 4.2 Hematologic Disease

Question 1

what organs are involved in the hematopoietic system

Answer 1

lymph nodes, 
spleen 
kidneys 
thymus 
bone marrow 
liver

Question 2

the components of whole blood

Answer 2

plasmas (antibodies, nutrients and removes waste)
erythrocytes (RBC: hemoglobin and O2 and CO2 transport)
leukocytes (WBC: immune response)
thrombocytes (Platelets: controls clotting)

Question 3

are primary hematologic diseases common

Answer 3

not really

Question 4

what kinds of blood diseases are common

Answer 4

from medications

Question 5

what can long term use of NSAIDs causes

Answer 5

gastric and peptic ulcers, bleeding and iron deficiency

Question 6

what can chemotherapy cause

Answer 6

leukopenia, which can cause infection and flu like symptoms of fever, shills, tissue inflammation, mucus membrane ulcers, mouth throat and esophageal pain

Question 7

what kinds of treatment can cause thrombocytopenia and what is this

Answer 7

decreased platelets can lead to easily bruising and spontaneous bleeding, which can be caused by RA or cancer treatment

Question 8

what are the two main considerations PT must consider with patients

Answer 8

bleeding and clotting

Question 9

what are minimal effort physical exertion symptoms

Answer 9

dyspnea 
chest pain 
palpitations 
severe weakness 
fatigue

Question 10

what are integumentary symptoms

Answer 10

pallor of the hands, nails and lips,
cyanosis or clubbing
wounds
easily bleeding and bruising

Question 11

what are some life threatening symptoms

Answer 11

blood in stool or pain and swelling in joints

Question 12

what are the common erythrocyte disorders

Answer 12

anemia (too few)

polycythemia (too many)

Question 13

poikilocytosis

Answer 13

abnormally shaped erythrocytes

Question 14

anisocytosis

Answer 14

abnormal variation in size of erythrocytes

Question 15

hypochromia

Answer 15

erythrocytes deficient in Hg

Question 16

is anemia a disease or symptom

Answer 16

symptom

Question 17

what is anemia

Answer 17

reduction in the O2 capacity of blood due to abnormal quality or quantity of RBC

Question 18

what can cause anemia

Answer 18

blood loss,
increased destruction of erythrocytes
decreased proaction of erythrocytes

Question 19

what are risk factors for anemia

Answer 19

diet deficiency of B12
intestinal disorders
menstruation
pregnancy
chronic conditions (kidney failure, diabetes, ulcers)
family hx
infections, blood diseases, autoimmune, chemicals, medications

Question 20

what are the 4 broad categories of anemia

Answer 20

iron deficiency
chronic disease or inflammatory
neurologic conditions
infectious diseases

Question 21

what is the most common form of iron deficiency

Answer 21

GI bleeding from NSAIDS

Question 22

what is pernicious anemia

Answer 22

can’t make enough RBC because not enough B12. at an increased risk hip fracture

Question 23

what are some infectious diseases that cause anemia

Answer 23

TB, cancer, AIDS

Question 24

when might people start showing symptoms

Answer 24

when hematocrit drops below 1/2 of normal

Question 25

anemia S+S

Answer 25

- skin pallor - fatigue - dyspnea with exertion - chest pain - decreased diastolic BP - NS malfunctions (HA, drowsy, dizzy, slow though processes, depression, polyneuropathy)

Question 26

what physical characteristics do we want to observe if we suspect anemia

Answer 26

skin color, warmth nail beds, oral mucosa and conjunctiva

Question 27

how do we want to test the skin

Answer 27

at heart level

Question 28

what is sickle cell

Answer 28

abnormal shape of RBC, they cannot enter the cells anymore because they lost the ability to deform. This can cause severe pain, infections, organ damage.

Question 29

what 2 things results from sickle cell anemia

Answer 29

chronic hemolytic anemia and vasoocclusion

Question 30

does sickle cell have a lower than normal RBS count

Answer 30

yes, because they die more quickly, and the body cannot make up for it

Question 31

sickle cell S+S

Answer 31

pain, bone and joint episodes, vascular complications, Pulmonary episodes, neurologic manifestations, hand and foot syndrome, splenic sequestration, renal complications

Question 32

what is Polycythemia (AKA...)

Answer 32

erythrocytosis to many RBC from dehydration, or men over 60. increased risk of platelet aggregation and clots, increased blood volume and blood viscosity

Question 33

S+S of polycythemia

Answer 33

gout, SOB, HA, dizzy, AMS, fatigue, clubbing fingers, bruising, HTN, blurred, splenomegaly, cyanosis, fainting, weight loss, irritability.