Week 2.4 Infectious Disease Agents and Classifications

Question 1

infectious disease aka

Answer 1

communicable disease

Question 2

what is the definition of an infectious disease

Answer 2

lines caused by a specific infectious agent or its toxic product that results from transmission of the age from an infected person, animal reservoir, to a host, either directly or indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host, or an inanimate object,

Question 3

what are some things that affect the immune system

Answer 3

pregnancy 
pre-existing conditions, chronic disease 
malignancy 
immunosuppressive disorders 
stress
malnutrition 
age
lymph node dissections 
corticosteroids, chemo, radiation
indwelling  lines and tubes
implante devices 
obesity

Question 4

what is a virus

Answer 4

a sub cellular organism made up only of a ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) covered with proteins

Question 5

why are viruses hard to treat

Answer 5

they have rapid replication and high mutation rates

Question 6

most (but not all) viruses are…

Answer 6

self-limiting, meaning that don’t need a specific antiviral therapy

Question 7

TF: antibiotics are effective on viruses

Answer 7

false, they are not

Question 8

there are antiviral drugs for what 4 things

Answer 8

HIV, herpes, hepatitis, influenza

Question 9

TF antiviral drugs are subject to resistance

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what are some examples of viruses

Answer 10

SARS-CoV-2, influenza, herpes, hepatitis, meningitis, pneumonia, common cold

Question 11

what is bacteria

Answer 11

single cell microorganism with a well defined cell walls that can grow independently on artificial media, without the need for other cells.

Question 12

bacteria are classified by

Answer 12

shape and oxygen need

Question 13

what constitutes about 38% of pathogen

Answer 13

bacteria

Question 14

bacteria is treated with

Answer 14

antibiotics (but it needs to be specific)

Question 15

what are some examples of viruses

Answer 15

strep, staph, clostridium, E.Coli.

Question 16

what is fungi

Answer 16

a single celled or multicellular organism

Question 17

what are the two forms of fungi

Answer 17

true pathogen

opportunistic pathogen

Question 18

what is a true pathogen

Answer 18

causes infections in healthy people, like histoplasmosis, and coccidiodomycosis.

Question 19

what is an opportunistic pathogen

Answer 19

causes infections in immunocompromised people, like aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis.

Question 20

what is a common fungi, and what does it cause

Answer 20

yeast, and it causes thrush, diaper rash and athletes foot

Question 21

fungi is used to develop

Answer 21

antibiotics, antitoxins, and other drugs

Question 22

how do you treat fungi

Answer 22

antifungals or antivirals applied directly to the skin, or injected if serious infection

Question 23

what are parasites

Answer 23

an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host

Question 24

where are parasites more common

Answer 24

in rural areas, or developing areas

Question 25

what is the mode of transmission for parasites

Answer 25

through the mouth or the skin

Question 26

what are common types of parasites

Answer 26

pinworms, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, intestinal infections, giardiasis, and cryptosporidosis, malaria.

Question 27

how do you treat parasites

Answer 27

anti parasitic drugs,

Question 28

what are prions

Answer 28

infectious agents composed entirely of protein material that can fold in multiple, structurally distinct ways leading to disease that is similar to a viral infection

Question 29

how are prions transmitted

Answer 29

animal to human

Question 30

what are prions characterized by

Answer 30

long latent intervals in the host, that when reactivated cause a rapidly progressive deteriorating state

Question 31

what are some examples of prions

Answer 31

cruetzfeldt Jakob, mad cow

Question 32

is there a treatment for prions

Answer 32

no

Question 33

what are some areas of attack

Answer 33

``` generalized or systemic organ systems CNS hematological skin and soft tissue musculoskeletal bone ```

Question 34

what is direct contact transmission

Answer 34

- person to person (touch, droplet, sex, feces) - bites from insects or animals - mother to unborn child, placenta or the vaginal canal during delivery

Question 35

what is indirect contact transmission

Answer 35

- contact with a contaminated surface, object, food, blood, water. - Can travel through the air

Question 36

what are the BIG 5 infectious diseases, according to the WHO

Answer 36

``` pneumonia diarrhea HIV/AIDS tuberculosis malaria ```

Question 37

what is sepsis

Answer 37

a life threatening complication of infection occurring when the immune reaction to infection triggers an inflammatory response throughout the body, the inflammation can trigger a cascade of changes that will damage organs, and causes failure.

Question 38

what patient populations are at high risk for sepsis

Answer 38

older adults and immunocompromised

Question 39

what are the three stages of sepsis

Answer 39

sepsis severe sepsis septic shock

Question 40

what is the sepsis stage

Answer 40

confirmed infection with at least 2 of the following - body temp over 101 or below 96.8 - HR >90bpm - RR>20 breaths per minute

Question 41

what is the severe sepsis stage

Answer 41

at least one of the following s/s indicating organ failure - decreased urine output - abrupt AMS - decreased platelet count - difficulty breathing - abnormal heart pump function - abdominal pain

Question 42

what is septic shock

Answer 42

all the s/s of severe sepsis, with extreme hypotension that does not respond to fluids.

Question 43

what are risk factors for sepsis

Answer 43

``` old or very young immunocompromised hospitalization in ICU wounds or injuries (burns) invasive devices like catheter or intubated antibiotic resistant bacteria ```

Question 44

what are compilation with sepsis

Answer 44

impaired organ function blood clots death

Question 45

___ burden is greater than HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, combined

Answer 45

health care associated infections (HAI)

Question 46

what are the 5 most common HAI

Answer 46

``` e.coli staph enterococcus faecalis pseudomonas aeruginosa Candida albicans ```

Question 47

what are common sites for HAI

Answer 47

UTI, surgical wounds, joints, lower respiratory tracts

Question 48

risk factors for HAI

Answer 48

``` age immunodeficiency/immunosuppressed misused antibiotics invasive diagnostics and procedures agitation surgery, burns length hospitalization ```