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Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry > Week 5 - Spine & Thoracic Cage > Flashcards

Week 5 - Spine & Thoracic Cage Flashcards

1
Q

List the structure of the spine

A

Cervical v (C1-C7)

Thoracic v (12)

Lumbar v (5)

Sacrum (5)

Coccyx

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2
Q

Where are intervertebral discs

A

Between bodies of adjacent vertebrae from C2 to sacrum

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3
Q

What % of height of vertebral column do the intervertebral discs account for?

A

25%

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4
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Fibrous ring on outer part of intervertebral discs

Consists of fibrocartilage.

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5
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Inner soft, high elastic substance in intervertebral disc.

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6
Q

Vertebral body

A

Thick, disc shaped anterior portion

Weight-bearing

Roughened superior + inferior surfaces for attachment of cartilaginous intervertebral discs.

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7
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Extends posteriorly from the vertebral body

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8
Q

How many processes arise from the vertebral arch?

A

7

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9
Q

Which processes act as muscle attachment points?

A

Transverse

Spinous

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10
Q

Transverse process

A

Extends laterally on each side where lamina + pedicle join

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11
Q

Spinous process

A

Projects posteriorly from junction of laminae

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12
Q

What do the last 4 processes do? (Ones that don’t act as muscle attachment points)

A

Form joints w/ other vertebrae above or below.

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13
Q

What are the last 4 processes

A

2 superior articular processes

2 inferior articular processes

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14
Q

What do the 2 superior articular processes articulate with?

A

2 inferior articular processes of vertebra immediately above

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15
Q

What do the 2 inferior articular processes articulate with?

A

2 superior articular processes of vertebra immediately below.

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16
Q

Compare the cervical vertebrae to other vertebra

A

Bodies are smaller - except those that form the coccyx.

Larger vertebral arches

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17
Q

How many foramina do cervical vertebrae have

A

3

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18
Q

What passes through the transverse foramen

A

Vertebral artery + its accompanying vein + nerve fibres.

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19
Q

Bi-fid

A

Branch into 2 small projections at the tips.

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20
Q

Which spinous processes are often bi-fid?

A

Those of C2-C6

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21
Q

Describe the foramen of cervical vertebrae

A

Large

Triangular

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22
Q

How many transverse foramen do the cervical vertebrae have?

A

2

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23
Q

Describe the pedicle of a cervical vertebrae

A

Small

wide

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24
Q

Body of the cervical vertebra

A

Small

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25
Q

Describe Atlas (C1)

A

No vertebral body

Forms atlanto-occipital joint w/ skull.

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26
Q

Describe axis (C2)

A

Dens process

Allows rotation of head

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27
Q

Movements at the cervical vertebrae

A

Flexion

Extension

Lateral flexion

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28
Q

Movements at the thoracic vertebrae

A

Rotation

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29
Q

Movements at the lumbar vertebrae

A

Flexion

Extension

Lateral flexion

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30
Q

Movements at the sacral vertebrae

A

No movement

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31
Q

Movements at the atlanto-occipital vertebrae

A

Flexion

Extension

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32
Q

Movements at the atlanto-axial vertebrae

A

Rotation only

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33
Q

Describe the thoracic cage

A

Bony enclosure formed by the sternum, ribs + their costal cartilages.

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34
Q

What do costal cartilages do

A

Attach ribs to sternum

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35
Q

Sternal angle

A

Junction of the manubrium + sternum body.

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36
Q

Suprasternal notch

A

Depression on superior surface of the manubrium

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37
Q

Clavicular notches

A

Lateral to the suprasternal notch

Articulate w/ medial ends of clavicles = Sternoclavicular joints

38
Q

Xiphoid process

A

provides attachment for some abdominal muscles

39
Q

Sternocostal joints

A

Articulations formed between the true ribs + sternum

40
Q

Vertebrochondral ribs

A

Costal cartilages attach indirectly to sternum or not to sternum at all.

41
Q

Describe spinal extension

A

Brings a flexed spine back to the anatomical position + beyond

42
Q

What happens of the concentric contractions during spinal extension

A

Concentric contractions of posterior muscles

43
Q

What happens with the insertions + origins during spinal extension

A

Insertions move toward origins

Origins are inferior to insertions

44
Q

Sternal body

A

Extends from T5-T9.

45
Q

Where can the Clavicular fossa be found?

A

On superolateral angles of manubrium

46
Q

THORACIC VERTEBRAE

Vertebral foramen

A

Small + round

47
Q

THORACIC VERTEBRAE

Vertebral body

A

Heart-shaped

48
Q

THORACIC VERTEBRAE

Spinous process

A

Long + thin

49
Q

THORACIC VERTEBRAE

Transverse process

A

Large

50
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there

A

12

51
Q

Where do ribs 1-7 attach?

A

Anteriorly to the sternum via costal cartilage

== True ribs

52
Q

Where do ribs 8-10 attach?

A

7th costal cartilage

== False ribs

53
Q

Where do ribs 11-12 attach?

A

No where – “floating ribs”.

54
Q

Describe the 1st rib

A

Short

Broad

Flattened

55
Q

Head of 1st rib

A

Located on posterior aspect of rib

Small

Rounded

56
Q

What action do the interspinous + supraspinous muscles limit?

A

Trunk flexion

57
Q

What action do the anterior + posterior longitudinal ligaments limit?

A

Hyperextension

Flexion

Extension

58
Q

What action do the rotatores muscles allow?

A

Extension

Rotation

59
Q

What action do the Interspinales muscles allow

A

Extension

60
Q

Intertransversarli muscles

A

Lateral flexion

Provide stability to spinal column

61
Q

What 3 groups do the back muscles get split into?

A

Erector spinae

Transversospinalis

Superficial

62
Q

Erector spinae

A

Forms large bulk of muscle lying in groove on either side of vertebral column.

63
Q

What 3 main sections is the erector spinae divided up into?

A

Iliocostalis

Longissimus

Spinalis

64
Q

What comes under the iliocostalis muscles

A

Iliocostalis cervicis

Iliocostalis thoracis

Iliocostalis lumborum

65
Q

Origin + insertion for Iliocostalis cervicis

A

O = Ribs 3-5

I = C4-C6 – At the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes.

66
Q

Action for the Iliocostalis cervicis

A

Extension

Lateral flexion

Rotates

– All for the vertebral column

67
Q

Origin + insertion for Iliocostalis thoracis

A

O = Ribs 7-12

I = Ribs 1-6

68
Q

Action for the Iliocostalis thoracis

A

Extension of thoracic if both!

Ind will laterally flex thoracic spine.

69
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum

A

Long muscle of posterior lumbar vertebral column.

70
Q

Origin for the Iliocostalis lumborum

A

Sacrum

L1-L5 - Spinous processes

Hip bone - iliac crest

71
Q

Insertion for the Iliocostalis lumborum

A

Ribs 7-12

Angles

72
Q

Action for the Iliocostalis lumborum

A

Together - extend the spine

Ind. - Lateral flexion of spine

73
Q

What comes under the longissimus muscle group

A

Longissimus capitis

Longissimus cervicis

Longissimus thoracis

74
Q

Origin for Longissimus capitis

A

T1-T5

C4-C7

75
Q

Insertion for Longissimus capitis

A

Temporal bone

76
Q

Action for Longissimus capitis

A

Together - Extend the head.

Ind. – muscle will turn face to the same side.

77
Q

Origin for Longissimus cervicis

A

T1-T5

78
Q

Insertion for Longissimus cervicis

A

C2-C6

79
Q

Action for Longissimus cervicis

A

Extends + laterally flexes vertebral column.

80
Q

Origin for Longissimus thoracis

A

L1-L5

81
Q

Insertion for Longissimus thoracis

A

T1-T12

Ribs 4-12

82
Q

Action for Longissimus thoracis

A

Together - Extend thoracic spine

Ind - Laterally flex thoracic spine

83
Q

What comes under spinalis

A

Spinalis capitis

Spinalis cervicis

Spinalis thoracis

84
Q

Origin for the Spinalis capitis

A

C4-T7

C4-C6

C7

85
Q

Insertion for Spinalis capitis

A

Occipital bone

86
Q

Action for Spinalis capitis

A

Together - extend head

Ind - face towards opp. side

87
Q

Origin + insertion for Spinalis cervicis

A

O = C7

I = C2

88
Q

Action for Spinalis cervicis

A

Extension of vertebral column

89
Q

Origin + insertion for Spinalis thoracis

A

O = C7

I = C2

90
Q

Action for Spinalis thoracis

A

Extension of cervical spine.

91
Q

What indents on the sternal lateral borders?

A

Facets for costal cartilages 2-7

92
Q

What does the clavicular fossa articulate with?

A

Sternal end of clavicle.

Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry (27 decks)

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