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Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry > Week 10 - Intro to Body Composition > Flashcards

Week 10 - Intro to Body Composition Flashcards

1
Q

What comes under the basic model 2-C

A

FM

FFM

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2
Q

Location for bicep SKF

A

Point on anterior surface of arm, level of mid-acromiale-radiale landmark in middle of muscle belly.

Arm in mid-prone position w/ thumb pointing forwards.

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3
Q

Location for abdominal SKF

A

5cm lateral to umbilicus.

Standing on a relaxed position.

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4
Q

Assumptions of the 2C model

A

Density of FM = 0.9 g/ml

Density of FFM = 1.1 g/ml

FM + FFM densities are the same for all ind.

Densities of various components of FFM are constant w/in ind

Ind being measured differs from a reference body in only amount of fat.

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5
Q

List the different levels of body composition in order of increasing organisational complexity

A

Atomic

Molecular

Cellular

Tissue

Whole body

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6
Q

TYPICAL BODY COMPOSITION

Muscle in F + M

A

F = 36%

M = 45%

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7
Q

Body fat % for females of average population of 50 yrs +

A

16-25%

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8
Q

Location for Tricep SKF

A

Point on posterior surface of arm in midline at level of mid-acromiale-radiale landmark.

Arm in mid-prone position w/ thumb pointing forwards.

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9
Q

Location for medial calf SKF

A

Point on most medial aspect of calf at level of max girth.

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10
Q

Location for subscapular SKF

A

2cm from undermost tip of inferior angle of scapula along line running 45 degrees.

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11
Q

What fold type is there at the iliac crest

A

Near horizontal

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12
Q

Describe a gynoid body shape

A

Excess fat mainly on lower body

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13
Q

Location for proximal calf SKF

A

Posterior aspect of calf in mid-sagittal plane 5cm inferior to fossa poplitea.

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14
Q

TYPICAL BODY COMPOSITION

Nonessential fat in F + M

A

F = 15%

M = 12%

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15
Q

How is FFM calculated

A

Total weight - Fat mass

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16
Q

What is Kinanthropometry

A

Area of science concerned w/ the measurement of human body composition.

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17
Q

Body fat % for females of average population from ages 30-50

A

15-23%

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18
Q

Describe an android body shape

A

Excess body fat on upper body + trunk.

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19
Q

How is the FFM index calculated (FFMI)

A

FFM (kg) / (height (m)^2)

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20
Q

Location for iliac crest SKF

A

Most superior aspect of iliac crest at mid-axillary line.

Fold right arm across chest.

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21
Q

TYPICAL BODY COMPOSITION

Other in F + M

A

Both 25%

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22
Q

Body fat % + classifications

Provide F + M for an overweight rating

A

F = 31-36%

M = 21-24%

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23
Q

What do the fat depots of non-essential/storage fat include?

A

Adipose tissue

Visceral fatty tissues

== both subcutaneous fat

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24
Q

Body fat % + classifications

Provide F + M for an obese rating

A

F = >37%

M = >24 %

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25
Q

SKF types for:

Proximal calf

Forearm (lateralis)

Forearm 2 (Volaris)

A

Vertical

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26
Q

BMI classification for obese class II

A

35-39.9

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27
Q

What is body composition

A

Relative prop. of FFM, FM, protein, water + mineral components in the body.

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28
Q

Method for taking SKF

A
  1. Record subjects age, stretched height, weight + gender.
  2. Using measuring tape, mark skin fold sites on RIGHT side of body.
  3. Ensure muscles relaxed.
  4. Using thumb + forefinger, grasp tissue at marked site so that double layer of subcutaneous fat + skin is obtained.
  5. Hold calliper perpendicular to subjects body, measure thickness of centre of fold 1cm away from edge of thumb + forefinger.
  6. Release pressure of fingers from skin fold but don’t release fingers touch from subjects skin.
  7. Place calliper 1cm below marking
  8. Let calliper measure site for no more than 2 sec + record reading.
  9. Measure each site 1 time through + repeat once more for min of 10% variation.
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29
Q

What are the sites for collecting SKF

A

Bicep

Tricep

Subscapular

Abdominal

Iliac crest

Supraspinale

Front thigh

Medial calf

30
Q

Body fat % for females of average population up to the age of 30

A

14-21%

31
Q

Body fat % + classifications

Provide F + M for an acceptable rating

A

F = 24-30%

M = 15-20%

32
Q

What fold type is there at the front thigh

A

Vertical

33
Q

What fold type is there at the tricep

A

Vertical

34
Q

TYPICAL BODY COMPOSITION

Bone in F + M

A

F = 12%

M = 15%

35
Q

BMI classification for Overweight

A

25-29.9

36
Q

What fold type is there at the abdominal

A

Vertical

37
Q

What fold type is there at the supraspinale

A

Diagonal

38
Q

Location for front thigh SKF

A

Anterior thigh 1/2 distance between inguinal fold + superior patellar border.

39
Q

BMI classification for normal weight

A

18.5-24.9

40
Q

Location for supraspinale SKF

A

Above iliac crest on anterior axillary line.

Arm in mid-prone position

41
Q

What must you not do when taking SKF

A

Incorporate underlying muscle tissue

42
Q

What fold type is there at the bicep

A

vertical

43
Q

What are the 3 sites req for skeletal mass estimates

A

Proximal calf

Forearm (lateralis)

Forearm 2 (Volaris)

44
Q

What are the 2 body shapes according to fat distribution?

A

Android (apple-shaped)

Gynoid (pear-shaped)

45
Q

What are the common anatomic sites for subcutaneous fat

A

Triceps

Subscapula

Iliac crest

Mid abdomen

Upper thigh

46
Q

BMI classification for obese class III

A

> 40

47
Q

Body fat % for males of average population between 30-50 yrs

A

11-17%

48
Q

How is FFM calculated

A

Weight (kg) x ( 1- (body fat % / 100))

49
Q

Where should the centre of fold be in taking SKF?

A

1/2 the distance between peak of skin fold + base of skin fold.

50
Q

Body fat % + classifications

Provide F + M for an athletic rating

A

F = 8-15%

M = 5-10%

51
Q

Which of the 2 body shapes is more associated w/ greater disease risk

A

Android body

52
Q

Body fat % for males of average population for 50yrs +

A

12-19%

53
Q

What fold type is there at the medial calf

A

Vertical

54
Q

When taking SKF, what size should the fold be?

A

Sufficient enough to ensure 2 folds are parallel

55
Q

Location for forearm 2 (volaris) SKF

A

Taken at level of max. forearm girth taken on anterior aspect of forearm w/ hand supinated.

56
Q

Why is body composition important

A

Estimate healthy body composition of the public

Estimate competitive composition for athletes

Monitoring growth + development

ID pop at risk due to under or over fatness

Assessing changes associated w/ ageing, malnutrition + certain diseases

Formulating + examining the effectiveness of nutrition + exercise interventions.

57
Q

Essential fat

A

Req. for normal physiological functioning

Fat stored in major organs, muscle + CNS

Important for childbearing + hormone-related functions

Extreme diet/exercise cond. can reduce essential fat stores to critical levels.

58
Q

TYPICAL BODY COMPOSITION

Essential Fat in F + M

A

F = 12%

M = 3%

59
Q

Location for forearm (lateralis) SKF

A

Taken at level of max. Forearm girth on lateral aspect of forearm w/ hand supinated.

60
Q

Body fat % + classifications

Provide F + M for a good rating

A

F = 16-23%

M = 11-14%

61
Q

BMI classification for underweight

A

<18.5

62
Q

BMI classification for obese class I

A

30-34.9

63
Q

Where can the fat depots be found in men?

A

Subcutaneous

Intermuscular

Intramuscular

Abdominal + thoracic cavity

64
Q

Body fat % for males of average population up to the age of 30

A

9-15%

65
Q

What % of 12% non-essential fat in F is called sex-specific reserve storage fat + where is it found?

A

5-9%

Contained in breast + genital regions, lower body subcutaneous fat + intramuscular depots.

66
Q

How do you calculate BMI

A

Weight (kg) / Height (m)^2

67
Q

What fold type is there at the sub scapular

A

diagonal

68
Q

Medial calf SKF

What position?

A

In relaxed standing position w/ right foot on box + knee bent at 90.

69
Q

Subscapular SKF

What position?

A

Arm in mid-prone position, w/ thumb pointing forwards

70
Q

Thigh SKF

What position?

A

Seated w/ right leg extended + hamstring supported w/ arms.

Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry (27 decks)

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