Week 6 - Vector Borne Diseases

Question 1

VBD Transmission

Answer 1

Pathogen carrying vector bites human or other animal

Question 2

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus EEEV

Answer 2

• Passed between mosquito & birds
• Transmitted through mosquito vectors

Question 3

Lyme Disease

Answer 3

• Infectious disease cause by borrelia burgdorferi
• Transmitted through tick bite
• Ticks become infected by feeding on infected wild animals
• Infected tick needs to be attached to host for 24+h to infect

Question 4

Lyme Disease Incubation

Answer 4

• Early S/S begin 3-30 days after tick bite
• If left untreated severe symptoms can last months to years

Question 5

West Nile Virus

Answer 5

• Mosquito feeds on blood of infected bird
• 2 weeks later mosquito can pass virus to animals/humans thought bite

Question 6

West Nile Early Incubation

Answer 6

• Symptoms 2-15 days after infection
• Mild cases recover in a week
• 70-80% no symptoms

Question 7

Malaria

Answer 7

• Life threatening disease spread to humans by mosquitos
• Preventable & curable
• Infection does not spread from person to person

Question 8

Malaria Risk Populations

Answer 8

• Infants
• Children under 5
• Pregnant women
• Travellers
• HIV & AIDS

Question 9

Malaria Severe S/S

Answer 9

• Tiredness & fatigue
• Impaired LOC
• Multiple convulsions
• Difficulty breathing
• Dark/bloody urine
• Jaundice
• Abnormal bleeding

Question 10

Malaria Prevention

Answer 10

• Avoid mosquito bites
• Repellents
• Protective clothing
• Window screens/nets

Question 11

Chemoprophylaxis

Answer 11

• Start before trip departure
• Continued 4 weeks after last possible exposure to infection

Question 12

Preventive Chemotherapies

Answer 12

• Complement ongoing malaria control activities
• Use of medicines to prevent malaria infections & consequences
  -Given to vulnerable populations during times of greatest risk for malaria

Question 13

Malaria Treatment

Answer 13

• Always requires treatment with meds
• Multiple meds
• Mostly oral

Question 14

Elimination

Answer 14

Interruption of local transmission of specific malaria parasite species within area

Question 15

Surveillance

Answer 15

• Continuous collection, analysis, interpretation of malaria related data
• Used to evolve public health practice
  
  • Helps determine areas most impacted
• Design effective health interventions

Question 16

Neglected Tropical Diseases

Answer 16

• Diverse group of tropical infections
• Common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, Americas

Question 17

Ascariasis

Answer 17

• Ingestion of eggs
• Small intestine infection

Question 18

Dracunculiasis

Answer 18

• Ingestion of water containing copepods infected with larval stage
• Subcutaneous tissue infection

Question 19

Hookworm

Answer 19

• Skin penetration by soil-dwelling infective larvae
• Upper part of small intestine infected

Question 20

Lymphatic Filariasis

Answer 20

• Skin penetration by infected larvae at site of mosquito vector bite
• Lymphatic vessel infection

Question 21

Onchocerciasis

Answer 21

• Injection of infected larvae in saliva of biting, parasitized female blackfly
• Subcutaneous tissue infection

Question 22

Schistosomiasis

Answer 22

• Penetration of skin by cercariae that have emerged from water-dwelling
• Snail intermediate hosts
• Perivesical venous plexus/mesenteric veins infection

Question 23

Trichuriasis

Answer 23

• Ingestion of eggs
• Large intestine infected

Question 24

Chagas Disease

Answer 24

• Inoculation by hosts fingers into conjunctival sac/site of bite following excretion of mature parasite in faeces of biting triatomine bug
• Intracellular tissues throughout body infected

Question 25

Human African Trypanosomiasis

Answer 25

- Injected by parasitized fly - Blood, lymph, CSF infection

Question 26

Leishmaniasis

Answer 26

- Injected by parasitized sandfly - CL skin - VL disseminate disease

Question 27

Leprosy

Answer 27

Skin & nerve infection

Question 28

Trachoma

Answer 28

- Mechanical transfer of elementary bodies by flies, fomites, fingers - Conjunctiva infection