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AP Psychology > Wrong on Study Guide > Flashcards

Wrong on Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

An integrated approach to psychology that incorporates three different perspectives and types of analysis: biological, psychological, and social-cultural.

A

Biopsychosocial Perspective

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2
Q

The process of randomly placing already chosen participants in a group for an experiment

A

Random assignment

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3
Q

the typical variance of any given score around the mean

A

Standard deviation

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4
Q

When points are packed closer together, stronger. Farther apart, weaker.
R = +/- 1. Describes the relationships between two things

A

Correlation on a Scatterplot

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5
Q

when the skew is caused by an unusually high score (to the right)

A

Positive skew

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6
Q

when the skew is caused by an unusually low score (to the left)

A

Negative skew

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7
Q

When groups make bad decisions because individual members of the group suppress their reservations in order to further the agenda of the group → not break status quo

A

Group think

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8
Q

The tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions than the group members would make individually

A

Group Polarization

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9
Q

When individuals within a group do not not put in as much effort when acting as a part of a group as they do when acting alone.

A

Social Loafing

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10
Q

Adjusting one’s behavior of thinking to coincide with a group standard. is a response—specifically, a submission—made in reaction to a request. The request may be explicit (e.g., foot-in-the-door technique) or implicit (e.g., advertising).

A

Compliance

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11
Q

An expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

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12
Q

The uncomfortable feeling/guild of doing something against your morals/attitudes

A

Cognitive Dissonance

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13
Q

How we explain the behavior of others → dispositional (personality) or situational (environmental) factors

A

Attribution

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14
Q

overestimating the influence of personality and understanding the influence of situational factors when explaining other people’s behavior

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

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15
Q

Behavior through which people benefit others (Eisenberg, 1982), including helping, cooperating, comforting, sharing, and donating

A

Prosocial behavior

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16
Q

Branches on the neuron that receives messages from the other cells

A

Dendrite

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17
Q

make fake neurotransmitters

A

Agonists

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18
Q

Blocks receptor sites from receiving neurotransmitters

A

Atagonists

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19
Q

cause hallucination and warp perception

A

Hallucinogens

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20
Q

depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

Opiates

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21
Q

an automatic response controlled solely by neural circuits in the spinal cord, often relating to posture or locomotion.

A

Spinal Reflex

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22
Q

System associated with emotion/drive → amygdala

A

Limbic System

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23
Q

the outermost layer of gray matter that covers the cerebral hemispheres

A

Cerebral Cortex

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24
Q

processing sensory input for touch body position crown of head

A

Pariental Lobe

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25
Q

heart/breathing

A

Medulla

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26
Q

parts of the brain that are not pegged for primary motor or sensory functions

A

Association areas

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27
Q

connects lefts and right hemispheres and allows communication between the two

A

Corpus Callosum

28
Q

The critical period hypothesis or sensitive period hypothesis claims that there is an ideal time window of brain development to acquire language in a linguistically rich environment, after which further language acquisition becomes much more difficult and effortful

A

Critical period for speech

29
Q

storytime of dream

A

Manifest Content

30
Q

the “deeper meaning” of the dream

A

Latent content

31
Q

we dream so we can file memories away

A

Information Processing theory

32
Q

Length of soundwave, determines its pitch (high/low)

A

Frequency

33
Q

It consists of two sticks, one framed by closed fins and one framed by open fins. After seeing the illusion, viewers usually estimate that the stick with two open fins is longer, even though the sticks are actually the same length.

Take-away: our brains perceive the depths of the two shafts based upon depth cues

A

Muller-Lyer Illusion

34
Q

one of the main retinal interneurons and provides the main pathways from photoreceptors to ganglion cells, i.e. the shortest and most direct pathways between the input and output of visual signals in the retina.

A

Bipolar

35
Q

the final output neurons of the vertebrate retina; collect information about the visual world from bipolar cells and amacrine cells (retinal interneurons). This information is in the form of chemical messages sensed by receptors on the ganglion cell membrane.

A

Ganglion

36
Q

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

A

Sensory adaptation

37
Q

The minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

A

Just-noticeable difference (aka difference threshold)

38
Q

The number of foods eaten as a young child has a strong influence on the food repertoire later in childhood. Foods eaten by parents significantly predict the number and types of foods eaten by children; Children learn to accept novel foods through a variety of experiences, provided within social contexts

A

The relationship between taste and human development*

39
Q

An aspect of personality concerned with emotional dispositions and reactions and their speed and intensity; the term often is used to refer to the prevailing mood or mood pattern of a person.

A

Temperament

40
Q

A behavioral response decrement that results from repeated stimulation and that does not involve sensory adaptation/sensory fatigue or motor fatigue

A

Habituation (developmental)

41
Q

In which a baby/child judges if a person is able to accomplish their most basic needs

A

Trust v. Mistrust EE stage

42
Q

Can I do things myself or must I rely on others?

A

Autonomy v. Doubt EE stage

43
Q

Many questions, children take initiative in their own curiosity/learning

A

Initiative v. Guilt EE stage

44
Q

First time in work we are evaluated → start to get a competence/ inferiority to others

A

Industry v. Inferiority EE stage

45
Q

Teenagers test various roles/social identities, important to find stable send of self

A

Identity v. Role Confusion EE stage

46
Q

Figure out work/life balance, clearer platonic/romantic relationships

A

Intimacy v. Isolation EE stage

47
Q

Mid-life crisis, looking critically at life path, seize control

A

Generativity v. stagnation EE stage

48
Q

Look back at life and decide level of satisfaction with accomplishments

A

Integrity v. Despair EE stage

49
Q

parents who neglect their children

A

Permissive Parenting Style

50
Q

The language we use might control, and in some ways limit, our thinking

A

Linguistic Determinism (aka linguistic relativity)

51
Q

judging a situation based on the aspects are to prototypes the person holds in their minds

A

Representative heuristic

52
Q

judging the likelihood of events based on their availability and in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events as common

A

Availability heuristic

53
Q

Unintentional memories that we may not even realize we have

A

Implicit Memory

54
Q

Experiment that studied how babies or people could acquire fears or phobias through aversive conditioning

Take-away: Fears and phobias are learned and based on our environment
Everytime the baby would touch a soft animal, a loud scary ‘bang’ would sound, eventually the baby became aversive and fearful of those soft animals

A

Little Albert Study

55
Q

encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best results

A

Deep processing

56
Q

encoding of the basic level, based on the structure/appearance of words

A

shallow processing

57
Q

getting information into the memory system

A

Encoding

58
Q

the process of retaining encoded information over time

A

Storage

59
Q

the process of getting information out of memory storage

A

Retrieval

60
Q

a representation of a plan or theory in the form of an outline or model.

A

Schema

61
Q

a set is a group of expectations that shape experience by making people especially sensitive to specific kinds of information

A

Mental Set

62
Q

predisposition to perceive things in a certain way

A

Perceptual set

63
Q

Known for findings regarding memory
How to measure learning curve, forgetting curve, and spacing effect

A

Herman E. findings

64
Q

Disorganized speech (Clang association, nepotisms) and
Inappropriate reactions

A

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

65
Q

Schizophrenia has the tendency to have at least 1/10 chance of appearing in family genetics → 1/2 in twins, 1/100 in public
Thalamus activity during hallucinations
Amygdala hyperactivity during paranoia

A

Biological causes of Schizophrenia \

66
Q

Based in freudian school of thought and examines unconscious

A

Psychodynamic

67
Q

the study of the effects of drugs on minds/behaviors

A

Psychopharmacology

AP Psychology (12 decks)

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