07.Hematologic_Disorders_Tests

Question 1

A 65-year-old has fever and a high number of immature white cells on blood test.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
B. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
C. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
D. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Answer 1

A - Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML): too many immature white cells

Question 2

A 6-year-old child has bone pain and many lymphoblasts in marrow.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
B. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
C. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
D. Aleukemic Leukemia

Answer 2

B - Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL): too many young lymphocytes

Question 3

A 50-year-old has fatigue and too many mature white cells in blood.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
B. Aleukemic Leukemia
C. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
D. Leukemoid Reaction

Answer 3

C - Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): too many mature white cells

Question 4

A 70-year-old has high lymphocyte count but feels fine otherwise.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Aleukemic Leukemia
B. Leukemoid Reaction
C. Agranulocytosis
D. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Answer 4

D - Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): too many mature lymphocytes

Question 5

A patient has blood marrow with blasts but no blasts seen in blood smear.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Aleukemic Leukemia
B. Leukemoid Reaction
C. Agranulocytosis
D. Cyclic Neutropenia

Answer 5

A - Aleukemic Leukemia: no blasts in blood but in marrow

Question 6

A patient recovering from pneumonia has very high white blood cell count.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Agranulocytosis
B. Leukemoid Reaction
C. Cyclic Neutropenia
D. Anemia

Answer 6

B - Leukemoid Reaction: high white cells from infection

Question 7

A patient on medication has almost no neutrophils and gets infections.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Cyclic Neutropenia
B. Anemia
C. Agranulocytosis
D. Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 7

C - Agranulocytosis: very low neutrophil count

Question 8

A patient has fever every 21 days when neutrophil count drops very low.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Anemia
B. Iron Deficiency Anemia
C. Plummer–Vinson Syndrome
D. Cyclic Neutropenia

Answer 8

D - Cyclic Neutropenia: regular drops in neutrophils

Question 9

A patient feels tired and has low red blood cell count on lab results.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Anemia
B. Iron Deficiency Anemia
C. Plummer–Vinson Syndrome
D. Pernicious Anemia

Answer 9

A - Anemia: low red blood cells

Question 10

A woman with heavy periods has low iron and small red blood cells.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Plummer–Vinson Syndrome
B. Iron Deficiency Anemia
C. Pernicious Anemia
D. Aplastic Anemia

Answer 10

B - Iron Deficiency Anemia: low iron in blood

Question 11

A middle-aged woman has anemia and trouble swallowing solids.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Pernicious Anemia
B. Aplastic Anemia
C. Plummer–Vinson Syndrome
D. Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 11

C - Plummer–Vinson Syndrome: anemia with swallowing problem

Question 12

An older adult has anemia and loses balance, needs B12 shots.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Aplastic Anemia
B. Sickle Cell Anemia
C. Thalassemia
D. Pernicious Anemia

Answer 12

D - Pernicious Anemia: low B12 causing anemia

Question 13

A young adult has low blood counts and fatty marrow on biopsy.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Aplastic Anemia
B. Sickle Cell Anemia
C. Thalassemia
D. Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Answer 13

A - Aplastic Anemia: bone marrow stops making cells

Question 14

A teenager of African descent has painful joint crises and sickled cells.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Thalassemia
B. Sickle Cell Anemia
C. Erythroblastosis Fetalis
D. Polycythemia Vera

Answer 14

B - Sickle Cell Anemia: misshapen red cells cause pain

Question 15

A Mediterranean patient has anemia and abnormal hemoglobin tests.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Erythroblastosis Fetalis
B. Polycythemia Vera
C. Thalassemia
D. Secondary Polycythemia

Answer 15

C - Thalassemia: faulty hemoglobin chains

Question 16

A newborn has severe jaundice and breakdown of red cells at birth.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Polycythemia Vera
B. Secondary Polycythemia
C. Thrombocytopenia
D. Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Answer 16

D - Erythroblastosis Fetalis: baby red cells destroyed

Question 17

A patient has headache and too many red blood cells on CBC.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Polycythemia Vera
B. Secondary Polycythemia
C. Thrombocytopenia
D. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Answer 17

A - Polycythemia Vera: too many red blood cells

Question 18

A mountain climber shows high red blood cells due to low oxygen.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Thrombocytopenia
B. Secondary Polycythemia
C. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
D. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

Answer 18

B - Secondary Polycythemia: high red cells from low oxygen

Question 19

A patient with bruises and bleeding has low platelet count.
Which of the following diagnoses best fits this presentation?
A. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
B. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
C. Thrombocytopenia
D. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

Answer 19

C - Thrombocytopenia: low platelet count