10 key terms

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting

Question 2

Free association

Answer 2

In psychoanalysis
A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxed and says whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Question 3

Psychoanalysis

Answer 3

Freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
Used to treat psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Question 4

Unconscious

Answer 4

According to Freud
A reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts wishes feelings and memories
Contemporary psych says it’s information processing or which we are unaware

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that according to Freud arrives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives.
Operates on pleasure principle immediate gratification

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

The largely conscious part of personality that according to Freud mediated Among the demands of the id superego and reality
Operates on reality principle
Realistically being pleasure than pain

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

Part of personality that (Freud) represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations

Question 8

Psychosexual stages

Answer 8

The childhood development (oral,anal, phallic,latency, genital) during which according to Freud the id pleasure seeking energy focus on distinct erogenous zones

Question 9

Oedipus complex

Answer 9

Freud, a boys sexual desires toward mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Question 10

Identification

Answer 10

Process (Freud) children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos

Question 11

Fixation

Answer 11

(Freud) a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were resolved with

Question 12

Defense mechanisms

Answer 12

In psychoanalysis, the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 13

Repression

Answer 13

In psychoanalysis, defense mechanism that vanishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories Fromm consciousness

Question 14

Regression

Answer 14

Psychoanalytical defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Question 15

Reaction formation

Answer 15

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. This people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety arousing unconscious feelings

Question 16

Projection

Answer 16

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Question 17

Rationalization

Answer 17

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for ones actions

Question 18

Displacement

Answer 18

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet

Question 19

Sublimation

Answer 19

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people re channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities

Question 20

Denial

Answer 20

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even perceive painful realities

Question 21

Collective unconscious

Answer 21

Carl jungs concept of a shared inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

Question 22

Projective test

Answer 22

A personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics

Question 23

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

Answer 23

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Question 24

Rorschach ink blot test

Answer 24

The most widely used projective test, a set of ten ink blots which seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Question 25

Terror management theory

Answer 25

A theory of death related anxiety, explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

Question 26

Self actualization

Answer 26

(Maslow) one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self esteem achieved The motivation to fulfill ones potential

Question 27

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 27

(Rogers) an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Question 28

Self concept

Answer 28

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question who am I

Question 29

Trait

Answer 29

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act as assessed by self report inventories and peer reports

Question 30

Personality inventory

Answer 30

A questionnaire ( t or f) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors used to assess selected personality traits

Question 31

Minnesota multiphase personality inventory (MMPI)

Answer 31

The most widely used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, test now used for many other screening purposes

Question 32

Empirically derived test

Answer 32

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

Question 33

Social cognitive perspective

Answer 33

Views behavior as influences by the interaction between peoples traits and their social context

Question 34

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 34

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition and environment

Question 35

Personal control

Answer 35

The extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

Question 36

External locus of control

Answer 36

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

Question 37

Internal locus of control

Answer 37

The perception that you control your own fate

Question 38

Positive psychology

Answer 38

The scientific study of optimal human functioning, aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

Question 39

Self

Answer 39

In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of or thoughts feelings and actions

Question 40

Spot light effect

Answer 40

Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance performance and blunders (spotlight shines on us)

Question 41

Self esteem

Answer 41

Ones feelings of high or low self worth

Question 42

Self serving bias

Answer 42

A readiness to perceive one self favorable

Question 43

Individualism

Answer 43

Giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Question 44

Collectivism

Answer 44

Giving priority time the goals of ones group and defining ones identify accordingly

Question 45

Gordon allport

Answer 45

Personality traits

Question 46

Signing Freud

Answer 46

Unconscious

Question 47

Abraham Maslow

Answer 47

Self actualization

Question 48

Albert bandura

Answer 48

Personal control

Question 49

Carl rogers

Answer 49

Unconditional positive regard

Question 50

Carl jung

Answer 50

Collective unconscious