Unit 3b

Question 1

Lesion

Answer 1

Tissue destruction, naturally or experimentally

Question 2

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 2

Amplified recording of the electrical wave activity across the brain, measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.

Question 3

CT (computed tomography) scan

Answer 3

Using x Ray photographs to reveal brain damage

Question 4

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

Answer 4

Visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. Active neurons use up the glucose

Question 5

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Answer 5

Use magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue, show brain anatomy. Can be used for other body parts

Question 6

fMRI (functional MRI)

Answer 6

Technique revealing blood flow and therefore brain activity by comparing successive brain scans, show brain function

Question 7

Brain stem

Answer 7

Oldest and central core of brain

Responsible for automatic survival functions

Question 8

What are the parts of the brain stem

Answer 8

Medulla and pons

Question 9

Medulla

Answer 9

Slight swelling, base of brain stem

Controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 10

Pons

Answer 10

Help coordinate movement

Question 11

Reticular formation

Answer 11

Finger shaped nerve network that plays an important part in controlling arousal, also filters incoming stimuli

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

Brain sensory switch board, receives info from all senses except smell and routes it to higher brain regions (cortex), receives their replies and directs them to medulla and cerebellum

Question 13

Cerebellum

Answer 13

Little brain, processes sensors input, coordinate voluntary movement and balance and supports memories of such

Question 14

What helps us judge time, modulate emotion, and discriminate sounds from textures

Answer 14

Cerebellum

Question 15

Limbic system

Answer 15

Donut shaped, associated with emotions and drive

Question 16

Parts of limbic system

Answer 16

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala, hippocampus

Question 17

Amygdala

Answer 17

Bean neural clusters

Influence aggression and fear

Question 18

Hypothalamus

Answer 18

Bodily maintenance; hunger thirst body temp sexual behavior
Helps govern endocrine system
Linked to emotion and reward

Question 19

Hippocampus

Answer 19

Processes memory, it lost can’t create new memories of facts or episodes

Question 20

Corpus callosum

Answer 20

Axon fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres and carrying messages between

Question 21

Spinal cord

Answer 21

Pathway for neural fibers traveling to and from brain, controls simple reflexes

Question 22

Cerebral cortex description

Answer 22

Intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering cerebral hemisphere

Question 23

Cerebral cortex function

Answer 23

Body’s ultimate control and information processing center

Question 24

Glial cells

Answer 24

Cells in nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons, glue cells

Question 25

Frontal lobes

Answer 25

Involved in speaking, muscle movements, and making plans and judgements

Question 26

Parietal lobe

Answer 26

Received sensory input for touch and body position

Question 27

Occipital lobe

Answer 27

Include areas that receive information from the visual fields

Question 28

Temporal lobe

Answer 28

Include auditory areas, each receiving info from opposite ear o

Question 29

Motor cortex

Answer 29

Area of rear frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement

Question 30

Association areas

Answer 30

Areas of cerebral involved in higher mental functions like learning, remembering, thinking, and speech

Question 31

Aphasia

Answer 31

Impairment of language usually caused by damage to brocas or wernickes area

Question 32

Broca's area

Answer 32

Controls language expression with muscle movements involved in speech

Question 33

Wernickes area

Answer 33

Controls language reception, comprehension, interpret auditory code

Question 34

Angular gyrus

Answer 34

Transforms visual representation into auditory code

Question 35

Visual cortex

Answer 35

Receives written words as visual stimulation

Question 36

Plasticity

Answer 36

Brains ability to change after damage (most in childhood) by reorganizing or building new pathways based on experiences

Question 37

Neurogenesis

Answer 37

Formation of new neurons

Question 38

Split brain

Answer 38

Condition isolating the two brain hemis by cutting corpus callosum

Question 39

Consciousness

Answer 39

Our awareness of ourselves and environment

Question 40

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 40

Study of brain activity linked with cognition

Question 41

Duel processing

Answer 41

Principle that information is often simultaneously processed in separate conscious and unconscious tracks

Question 42

Intelligence of animals can be determined by.... Except for a few exceptions

Answer 42

Brain to body weight exceptions

Question 43

Who discovered that messing with the reticular formation of a cat makes it extremely awake or non wake able

Answer 43

Giuseppe Moruzzi and Horace magoun

Question 44

What are the egg like structures

Answer 44

Thalamus

Question 45

Older brain functions occur with or without conscious effort?

Answer 45

Without, suggesting our brain processes most information outside of our awareness

Question 46

Who did the electrode experiment and discovered the reward centers

Answer 46

James old and Peter Milner

Question 47

Reward deficiency syndrome

Answer 47

Genetically disposed deficiency in the natural brain systems for pleasure and well being that leads people to crave whatever provides that missing pleasure or relieves negative feelings ex drugs

Question 48

What happened to phineas gage

Answer 48

Pole went through head and frontal lobes, lived but personality changes, moral compass damaged

Question 49

Brain processes order involved in language

Answer 49

``` Visual cortex Angular gyrus Wernickes Brocas Motor cortex ```

Question 50

Constraint induced therapy

Answer 50

Require brain by restraining a function limb to force use of other limb

Question 51

Lateralization

Answer 51

Brains sides serving different functions, hemispheric specialization

Question 52

Right brain functions

Answer 52

perceives objects, more quick in making inferences, copying drawings and recognizing faces, previewing emotion, perpetual task, many word association, sense of self

Question 53

Right brains damage

Answer 53

Greatly disrupts emotion processing, facial recognition and social conduct

Question 54

Left brain function

Answer 54

Speech, tried to explain things, calculates literal interpretations of language, one word association

Question 55

Visual perception track

Answer 55

Create the mental furniture that allows us to think about the world, to recognize things and plan future actions

Question 56

Visual action track

Answer 56

Guides our moment to moment actions

Question 57

Which part is linked to emotion and reward

Answer 57

Hypothalamus