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AP Psychology > 3c > Flashcards

3c Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Behavior genetics

A

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

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2
Q

Environment

A

Every nongenetic influence from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

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3
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

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4
Q

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Complex coiled chain, double helix, molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

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5
Q

Genes

A

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes, segments of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

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6
Q

Genome

A

The complete instructions for making an organism, insisting of all the genetic material in that organisms chromosome

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7
Q

Identical twins

A

Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms

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8
Q

Fraternal twins

A

Twins who developed from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment

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9
Q

Heritability

A

The proportion of variation amount individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied

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10
Q

Interaction

A

The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (like environment) depends on another factor (like heredity)

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11
Q

Molecular genetics

A

The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes, specific genes influencing behavior

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12
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

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13
Q

Natural selection

A

The principle that amount the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

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14
Q

Mutation

A

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change

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15
Q

As members of the same species what do we do the same

A

We affiliate, conform, return favors, punish offenses, organize hierarchies of status, and grieve a child’s death

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16
Q

What defines our human nature

A

Our universal behaviors

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17
Q

What is nature and nurture in nature vs nurture

A

Nature-genes

Nurture- environment

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18
Q

How many chromosomes does one person have

A

46,
23 from moms egg
23 from dads sperm

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19
Q

True or false, genes can be active or inactive

A

True, they can be active (expressed) or inactive.

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20
Q

What “turn on” genes from inactive to active

A

Environmental events

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21
Q

What happens when genes are turned on

A

They provide the code for creating protein molecules

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22
Q

What are protein molecules

A

Building blocks of physical development

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23
Q

What makes us human rather than chimpanzees or tulips

Study These Flashcards
A

Shares genetic profile that makes us humans

24
Q

True or false, small percentages like one percent differences in genomes matter

Study These Flashcards
A

True, chimpanzees share 99.4% of our DNA genome, remarkably different behaviors

25
What gives clues to our human uniqueness
Person to person variations from the common pattern of DNA
26
Are traits influences by one or multiple genes?
Multiple/ groups of genes
27
Do identical twins have the same number of copies of genes?
No, which explains why one twin may be more at risk for certain illnesses
28
Are identical twins more behavioral similar than fraternal twins
On extraversion (outgoing ends) and neuroticism (emotional stability) they are
29
Genes being separated but still the same supports what
The idea that genes influence personality
30
The plural of anecdote is
Not data
31
Virtual twins
Same age, biologically unrelated siblings
32
Genetic relatives
Biological siblings and parents
33
Environmental relatives
Adoptive parents and siblings
34
What children are best for testing whether it's environment or genetic
Adopted kids
35
What are stunning findings from adopted kids
Who grew up together whether biologically related or not do not much resemble one another in personality
36
Wen are adoptive kids more similar to biological parents
In traits such as extroverted and agreeableness, adoptees are more like biological
37
Family environment may not influence personality but parents do influence what
Children attitudes, values, manners, faith and politic
38
Heritability of a trait
The extent to which variation among individuals can be attributed to their differing genes
39
If heritability is 50% it means that genetic influence
Explains that 50% of the observed variation among people
40
True or false We can never say that percent of an individual's personality or intelligence is inherited
True
41
True or false Heritability referred to which differences among people are attributable to genes
True
42
When differences due to environment decreases, heritability...
Increases
43
If environments were drastically different, heritability would be
Much lower
44
Our species most important similarities
Adaptive capacity
45
Genes and environment work together like
Two hands clapping,
46
Genes are what
Self regulating
47
Molecular genetics seek to identify
Specific genes influencing behavior
48
What do the genes selected in human history do
Endow us with a great capacity to learn and therefore adapt of life in varied environments
49
Fitness
Our ability to survive and reproduce
50
How are we in some ways prepared biologically for a world that no longer exists
Predisposed with ancestor genes, they ate sweets to survive famines, now a days we eat sweets and there's obesity
51
Woman vs men with sex
Woman is more relational men more recreational
52
Woman and men pairing
Woman pair wisely | Men pair widely
53
Men are attracted to
Younger, narrower waisted women, peak fertility,
54
Woman prefer
Stick around dads, mature, dominant, bold, affluent, potential long term mating and investment in their joint offspring, support and protect
55
What are key criticisms of evolutionary psychology
Starts with an effect and works backward to propose an explanation, Worry about the social consequences of evolutionary psychology, evolutionary viewpoint absolves people from taking responsibility for sexual behavior
56
How do you eliminate heritability to test environment
Take identical twins and put them in separate environments

AP Psychology (29 decks)

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