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AP Psychology > Unit 3a > Flashcards

Unit 3a Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Biological psychology

A

Branch of psychology studying the links between biology and behavior

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2
Q

Other names for biological psychologists

A 
Behavioral neuroscientists
Neuropsychologist
Behavior geneticist
Physiological psychologist 
Biopsychologist
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3
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

Basic building block of nervous system

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4
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Neurons that carry incoming info from sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

Moto neurons

A

Neurons that carry outgoing info from brain/spinal cord to muscles and glands

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6
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons in brain and spinal that communicate internally, intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

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7
Q

Dendrite

A

Bushy branch extension to neuron that receives messages and conducts impulses towards cell body

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8
Q

Axon

A

Extension of neuron, ending in branch terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or muscles or glands

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9
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty tissue encasing neuron fibers that enables greater transmission speed of neural impulses

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10
Q

Action potential

A

Neural impulse, electrical charge that travels down the axon

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11
Q

Threshold

A

Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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12
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between axon tip of sending neuron and dendrite of receiving neuron.

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13
Q

Tiny gap of synapse

A

Synaptic gap or synaptic cleft

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers

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15
Q

How neurotransmitters travel after impulse down axon

A

Cross synaptic gap, when released by sending neuron, they travel across the synapse and bind to the receptor sites in the receiving neuron, therefore influencing whether the neuron will generate a neural impulse

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16
Q

Reuptake

A

A neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron

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17
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh) function

A

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory

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18
Q

Examples of malfunctions with ACh

A

Alzheimer’s disease, ACh producing neurons deteriorate

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19
Q

Dopamine function

A

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

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20
Q

Examples of malfunctions with dopamine

A

Excess dopamine-receptor activity is linked to schizophrenia

Lack dopamine- the brain produces the tremors and decreased mobility of Parkinson’s disease

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21
Q

Serotonin function

A

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

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22
Q

Examples of malfunctions with serotonin

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A

Under supply linked to depression. Prozac and some other antidepressant drugs raise serotonin levels

23
Q

Norepinephrine function

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A

Helps control alertness and arousal

24
Q

Examples of malfunctions with norepinephrine

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A

Under supply can depress mood

25
GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) function
A major inhibitory neurotransmitter
26
Examples of malfunctions with GABA
Under supply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia
27
Glutamate function
A major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory
28
Examples of malfunctions with glutamate
Oversupply can overstimulate brain, producing migraines or seizures
29
Endorphins
Morphin within | Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure
30
Nervous system
Body's speedy electrochemical communication network. Consists of all nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
31
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
32
Peripheral nervous system
Sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
33
Nerves
Bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
34
Somatic nervous system
The diversion of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
35
Autonomic nervous system
Controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands
36
Sympathetic nervous system
Division of autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
37
Parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system that calms the body conserving its energy
38
Reflex
A simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as a knee jerk response
39
Endocrine
Slow chemical communication system, a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
40
Adrenal glands
A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress
41
Pituitary gland
The endocrine systems most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus the pituitary I regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
42
What releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal glands
43
What are epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones called and do
adrenaline and noradrenaline in flight or fight responses, increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar proving with surge of energy,
44
What system has the feelings that linger
Endocrine
45
Sympathetic nervous system parts of body
``` Dilated pupil Accelerates heart Pauses digestion Stimulates glucose release by liver Secretes hormones (kidney) Relaxes bladder Stimulates make ejaculation ```
46
Parasympathetic nervous system
``` Contract pupil Slow heart Starts digestion Starts gallbladder Contract bladder Blood flow to sex organs ```
47
Nervous system two parts
Peripheral, central
48
Peripheral system two parts
Autonomic, somatic
49
Autonomic two parts
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
50
Agonist
Excited | Mimics neurotransmitter effects on receiving neuron, ex morphine
51
Antagonist
Inhibits | Blocks neurotransmitter, ex curare poisoning paralyzed
52
Inhibitory
Like pushing brake | Are against triggering action potential
53
Excitatory
Like pushing accelerator | Are for triggering action potential

AP Psychology (29 decks)

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