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AP Psychology > Unit 9 Other > Flashcards

Unit 9 Other Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change through the life span

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2
Q

Nature and nurture

A

How do genetic inheritance (nature) and experience (nurture) influence our developement

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3
Q

Continuity and stages

A

Is development a gradual continuous process like riding an escalator or does it proceed through a sequence of separate stages like climbing rungs on a ladder

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4
Q

Stability and change

A

Do our early personality traits persist through life or do we become different people as we age

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5
Q

Conception

A

Ovary releases egg, sperm approaches and releases digestive enzymes to penetrate, then both fuse together

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6
Q

Cells began to differentiate-

A

Specialize in structure and function

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7
Q

Prenatal development of
Zygote
Embryo
Fetus

A

Zygote- conception to 2 weeks
Embryo- 2-8 weeks
Fetus- 9 weeks to birth

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8
Q

Placenta

A

Formed as the zygotes outer cells starched to the uterine wall transfers nutrients and oxygen from mother to fetus

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9
Q

Neural network development from birth

A

The brain is immature at birth, as child natures the neural networks grow increasingly more complex

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10
Q

T or f motor development sequence is universal

A

True
Kids roll over before sit up
Sit up before crawl
Crawl before walk

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11
Q

Back to sleep position

A

Putting babies to sleep on their backs to reduce he risk of a smothering crib death

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12
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

Our earliest memories never really predate our third birthday

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13
Q

Were infants able to learn, ex

A

Yes, tied to mobile crib thing and would kick to spin it

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14
Q

T or f a child’s mind is a miniature model of an adults

A

False, children reason differently

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15
Q

Piagets core idea

A

The driving force behind our intellectual progression is an unceasing struggle to make sense of or experiences

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16
Q

Piaget proposed two concepts to explain how we use and adjust our schemas

A

Assimilate and accommodate

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17
Q

What did piaget propose for cognitive development

A 
Four stages of cognitive development 
Sensorimotor stage
Pre operational stage
Concrete operational
Formal operational
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18
Q

Sensorimotor stage Developmental phenomenon

A

Object permanence and stranger anxiety

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19
Q

Pre operational stage

Developmental phenomenon

A

Pretend play

Egocentrism

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20
Q

Concrete operational developmental phenomenon

A

Conservation

Mathematical transformations

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21
Q

Formal operational developmental phenomenon

A

Abstract logic

Potential for mature moral reasoning

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22
Q

Zone of proximal developement

A

The zone between what they could learn with or without help

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23
Q

Origins of attachment

A

Body contact and familiarity

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24
Q

Children don’t imprint, they

A

Become attached during a less precisely defined as sensitive period

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25
Mary ainsworth
Studied attatchment differences
26
Sensitive responsive mothers had-- | Insensitive unresponsive mothers had---
Had secure attachment | Had insecurely attached children
27
What happens with disruption of attachment
Upset, withdrawn, even dis pairing, can be long damaging
28
Does day care affect attachment
No but quality does
29
Authoritarian parenting
Impose rules and expect obedience
30
Permissive parenting
Submit to their children's desires, make few demands and use little punishment
31
Authoritative parenting
Parents are both demanding and responsive. They exert control by setting rules and enforcing them but they also explain the reasons and encourage open discussion and allow exception
32
Family self
A feeling that what shames the child shames the family and what brings honor to the family brings honor to the self
33
Diversity in child rearing cautions what
Cautions people against presuming that our cultures say is the only way to raise children
34
Male and female regular differences
Avg woman enters puberty two years sooner, lives five years longer, carries 70 percent more day and is five inches shorter
35
Gender and aggression
Men more physical aggressive Women more relational aggressive Overall men more aggressive
36
Gender and social power
Men-dominant,forceful,independent, utter opinions | Women-nurturant, welcoming, express support
37
Gender social connectedness
Boys-large groups, little intimacy, communicate to resolve issues Girls-smaller groups, less competitive; intimate, communicate to build relationship
38
Development shaped by parents
Influence manners, politics and religion. Can also chose child's neighborhood and school to exert influence on peer group
39
Development shaped by peers
Personality, language and fitting in are shaped by peers
40
As teens mature frontal lobe developed and the growth of myelin helps with what
The fatty tissue that forms around axons and speeds neurotransmission enables better communication with other brain regions
41
What explains teens impulsive risky behaviors
Puberty hormonal surge and limbic system development
42
Larwrence kohlberg
South to describe development of moral reasoning Preconventional mortality Conventional mortality Postconventional mortality
43
Preconventional mortality
<9 most, self interest. Obey rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards
44
Conventional mortality
By early adolescence, focused on caring for others and upholding laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules
45
Postconvetional mortality
With abstract reasoning, Actions are judged right because they flow from people's rights or from self denied basic ethical principles
46
Moral feeling
The gut feelings that drive our moral judgements
47
Delay gratification
Self discipline needed to restrain ones own impulse to delay small gratifications now to enable bigger rewards later
48
Autonomy
Independence
49
Competence
Feeling able and productive
50
Who made the stages of psychosocial development and tasks
Erik Erickson
51
Infancy (to 1) issue and task
Trust vs. mistrust | Needs met develop sense of basic trust
52
Toddlerhood (1 to 3) issue and task
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt | Do things for themselves or doubt abilities
53
Preschool (3-6) issue and task
Initiative vs. guilt | Initiate tasks and carry out plans or feel guilty about trying to be independent
54
Elementary school (6-puberty) issue and task
Industry vs. inferiority | Learn pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or feel inferior
55
Adolescence (teen-20's) | Issue and task
Identity vs. Role confusion | Sense of self by testing roles or become confused who they are
56
Young adulthood (20's-40's) issue and task
Intimacy vs. isolation | To form close relationships or feel socially isolated
57
Middle adulthood (40's-60's) issue and task
Generative the vs. stagnation | Sense of contributing to the world through family and work or feel lack of purpose
58
Late adulthood (60's up) issue and task
Integrity vs. despair | Reflecting on life may feel satisfaction or failure
59
Why did independence and adulthood begin later
Taking more time to finish school, go to college, then leave the nest and get careers and marry
60
What physical changes occur later
Muscular strength, reaction time, sensory abilities and cardiac output decline from late twenties to late adulthood. Menopause for women but nothing for men
61
Telomeres
Chromosomes tips | Protective tips shortens with age
62
T or f men are more prone to dying
True
63
How does human spirit effect life expectancy
Anger and depression increase our risk or I'll health and premature death
64
Growing old Heath good and bad
The immune system weakens but have fewer short term ailments like common flu or cold

AP Psychology (29 decks)

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