Pathology - MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Which enzyme is commonly raised in muscle disease?

A

Creatinine kinase

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2
Q

How raised is CK in dystrophic muscle disease?

A

High, 200-300x normal

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3
Q

How raised is CK in inflammatory muscle disease?

A

Medium, 20-30x normal

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4
Q

How raised is CK in neurogenic muscle disease?

A

Low, 2-5x normal

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5
Q

Muscle pathology can be split into 2 distinct groups - what are they?

A

Pathology affecting the muscle itself

Pathology affecting nerve supply to muscle

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6
Q

Describe some dystrophic muscle changes

A

Varied muscle fibre size
Nuclei centrally placed
Endomysial fibrosis
Fatty infiltrate

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7
Q

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy has which genetic inheritance? Which area of the body do they primarly effect?

A

X-linked recessive

Pelvic girdle

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8
Q

What age does Duchenne’s MD usually affect?

A

2-4yrs

Die by 20

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9
Q

What is the pathology behind Duchenne’s MD?

A

Alterations in anchorage of actin cytoskeleton to basement membrane (fibres weakened without attachment)

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10
Q

Becker MD is a genetic variant of Duchenne’s MD with an earlier onset. True/False?

A

False

Later onset

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11
Q

Which muscular dystrophy is the commonest? Which inheritance pattern does it follow?

A

Myotonic

Autosomal dominant Ch19 and Ch3

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12
Q

Myotonic dystrophy exists in 2 forms: MD1 and MD2. MD1 affects proximal/distal and MD2 affects proximal/distal

A

MD1 affects distally

MD2 affects proximally

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13
Q

What is polymyositis?

A

Progressive muscular dystrophy caused by chronic inflammation of unknown cause

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14
Q

What is dermatomyositis?

A

Polymyositis with skin changes

Associated with malignancy in 10%

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15
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

Autoimmune disorder where antibodies are made against ACh, resulting in muscle weakening and dysfunction

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16
Q

Who does myasthenia gravis usually affect?

A

Women 20-40

17
Q

What is rhabdomyolysis?

A

Breakdown of skeletal muscle

18
Q

Connective tissue disorders usually affect males more than women. True/False?

A

False

Women more affected than males