Urticaria

Question 1

name the term that means increased thickness of the keratin layer

Answer 1

hyperkeratosis

Question 2

name the term that means increased turnover of keratinocytes

Answer 2

parakeratosis

Question 3

name the term that means increased thickness of the epithelium

Answer 3

acanthosis

Question 4

define papillomatosis and name a condition it is found in

Answer 4

irregular epithelial thickening

found in acanthosis nigricans

Question 5

define spongiosis

Answer 5

oedema between keratinocytes

Question 6

in psoriasis, what is the basic pathology?

Answer 6

parakeratosis in the corneal layer

Question 7

what is meant by the Koebner phenomenon?

Answer 7

trauma to a site of the body can stimulate skin lesions in that area

Question 8

true or false: neutrophils are present in the corneal layer in psoriasis

Answer 8

true

unusual though

Question 9

what is Auspitz sign in psoriasis?

Answer 9

bleeding spots when psoriasis scales are scraped off

Question 10

where does acne vulgaris tend to affect?

Answer 10

sites of high sebaceous gland concentration

Question 11

how does sebum lead to acne?

Answer 11

sebum builds up in the hair follicle and increases pressure, leading to rupture

Question 12

what are comedones?

Answer 12

keratin and sebum build up in the hair follicles, creating white/black heads

Question 13

true or false: rosacea is more common in males

Answer 13

false

Question 14

what are the facial features of rosacea?

Answer 14

flushing
visible blood vessels
pustules
thickened skin

Question 15

list some triggers of rosacea

Answer 15

alcohol
sun
spicy food
stress

Question 16

which mites are often present in rosacea?

Answer 16

demodex mites

Question 17

name three immunobullous diseases

Answer 17

pemphigus
bullous pemphigoid
dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 18

what is the most common subtype of pemphigus?

Answer 18

pemphigus vulgaris

Question 19

what happens in pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 19

IgG antibodies are made in response to desmoglein 3

this is the glue that maintains desmosomal attachments

Question 20

in bullous pemphigoid, where does the blistering develop?

Answer 20

underneath the epidermis

Question 21

true or false: acanthylosis occurs in bullous pemphigoid

Answer 21

false

Question 22

what is acanthylosis?

Answer 22

loss of desmosomal attachments in the epidermis

Question 23

what happens in bullous pemphigoid?

Answer 23

IgG produces antibodies against hemidesmosomes

this causes the epidermis to separate from the basement membrane

Question 24

what GI disease is linked to dermatitis herpetiformis?

Answer 24

coeliac disease

Question 25

how is dermatitis herpetiformis produced in coeliac patients?

Answer 25

IgA against wheat cross reacts with connective tissue matrix proteins

Question 26

what is the most common form of psoriasis?

Answer 26

chronic plaque psoriasis

aka psoriasis vulgaris

Question 27

true or false: psoriasis is symmetrical and usually affects flexor surfaces

Answer 27

false

usually affects extensor surfaces

Question 28

list treatment for psoriasis

Answer 28

vitamin D analogue
coal tar
steroid ointment
phototherapy

Question 29

what is the basic function of retinoids in psoriasis?

Answer 29

reduces skin turnover

Question 30

which organism can colonise the hair follicle causing acne?

Answer 30

propionibacterium acnes

Question 31

what are open comedones called?

Answer 31

blackheads

Question 32

what are closed comedones called?

Answer 32

whiteheads

Question 33

list topical treatment for acne

Answer 33

benzoyl peroxide
adapalene
topical antibiotic

Question 34

what effects does benzoyl peroxide have?

Answer 34

keratolytic

antibacterial

Question 35

what type of drug is adapalene?

Answer 35

topical retinoid

Question 36

name an oral retinoid that can be used for acne

Answer 36

isotretinoin

Question 37

true or false: comedones are present in rosacea

Answer 37

false

Question 38

outline treatment for rosacea

Answer 38

reduce triggers
topical metronidazole
low dose isotretinoin if severe

Question 39

true or false: bullous pemphigoid is a deep blister; pemphigus is a superficial blister

Answer 39

true

Question 40

what is Nikolskly sign?

Answer 40

top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when rubbed

Question 41

which disease is nikolsky positive, bullous pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 41

pemphigus vulgaris

Question 42

outline treatment for pemphigus and pemphigoid

Answer 42

steroids
immunosuppression
tetracycline in pemphigus