Physiology - Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

In order to see an object, what 4 things must happen?

A

Pattern of object must fall on photoreceptors on retina
Light regulation
Energy transduction
Reception of electrical signals by brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which cells are involved in the direct vertical pathway for light signal transmission?

A

Ganglion cells
Bipolar cells
Photoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 types of photoreceptors?

A

Rods

3 types of cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lateral connections in the retina aid signal transmission. How do horizontal cells assist?

A

Receive input from photoreceptors + project to other photoreceptors and bipolar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lateral connections in the retina aid signal transmission. How do amacrine cells assist?

A

Receive input from bipolar cells + project to ganglion, bipolar and other amacrine cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Light penetrates which cells of the retina first?

A

Ganglion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the purpose of photoreceptors?

A

Convert light energy to electrical/neural energy (transduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is visual acuity and how is it determined?

A

Ability to distinguish two nearby points

Determined by photoreceptor spacing + refractive power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rods help us see in which kind of light - dim or day light?

A

Dim light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cones help us see in which kind of light - dim or day light?

A

Day light

you eat ice cream CONES during the DAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

There is more light convergence in the cones system. True/False?

A

False

More convergence in rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

There are more rods than cones. True/False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are cones located?

A

On the fovea (centre of retina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cones are specialised and perceive specific wavelengths of light. True/False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are rods located?

A

Peripheral retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rods have high/low visual acuity and cones have high/low visual acuity

A

Rods have low visual acuity and cones have high visual acuity