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Y2 Revision > Embryology - ENT > Flashcards

Embryology - ENT Flashcards

1
Q

which germ layer gives rise to the musculature of the face and neck?

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

during which weeks do the pharyngeal arches develop?

A

weeks 4-5

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3
Q

what does each pharyngeal arch consist of?

A

core of mesenchyme associated with pharyngeal clefts and pouches

neural crest cells

cranial nerve

artery

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4
Q

true or false: there are 5 pharyngeal arches and the 5th does not develop in humans

A

true

only arches 1,2,3,4 and 6 exist

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5
Q

which cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 1?

A

CN V

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6
Q

which cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 2?

A

CN VII

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7
Q

which cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 3?

A

CN IX

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8
Q

which cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 4?

A

CN X (superior laryngeal branch)

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9
Q

which cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 6?

A

CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch)

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10
Q

what skeletal components are associated with pharyngeal arch 1?

A 
maxillary = maxilla, zygoma, temporal bone 
mandibulary = mandible, meckel's cartilage, incus and malleus
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11
Q

what skeletal components are associated with pharyngeal arch 2?

A

stapes
styloid process of temporal bone
stylohyoid ligament
lesser horn and upper hyoid

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12
Q

what skeletal components are associated with pharyngeal arch 3?

A

greater horn and lower hyoid

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13
Q

what skeletal components are associated with pharyngeal arch 4 + 6?

A

laryngeal cartilages

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14
Q

what muscles are associated with pharyngeal arch 1?

A

muscles of mastication
mylohyoid
tensor tympani
tensor palatini

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15
Q

what muscles are associated with pharyngeal arch 2?

A

muscles of facial expression
stapedius
stylohyoid

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16
Q

what muscles are associated with pharyngeal arch 3?

A

stylopharyngeus

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17
Q

what muscles are associated with pharyngeal arch 4?

A

cricothyroid
levator palatine
pharyngeal constrictors

18
Q

what muscles are associated with pharyngeal arch 6?

A

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

19
Q

what pharyngeal cleft does the external auditory meatus develop from?

A

cleft 1

20
Q

what happens to the 2nd-4th pharyngeal clefts?

A

they usually disappear, lose contact and form the cervical sinus

21
Q

what does the 1st pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

middle ear cavity
eustachian tube

ultimately the tympanic membrane

22
Q

what does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

palatine tonsil

23
Q

what does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

inferior parathyroid gland

thymus

24
Q

what does the 4th pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

superior parathyroid gland

ultimobranchial body

25
Q

what are otic placodes?

A

thickening of the ectoderm at the back of the embryo

26
Q

what are otic vesicles?

A

endocytosed otic placode that gives rise to the inner ear

27
Q

what three regions develop as part of the otic vesicle?

A

endolymphatic duct sac
utricular portion
saccular portion

28
Q

list the five facial swellings present from week 4

A

frontonasal prominence
2 x maxillary prominences
2 x mandibular prominences

29
Q

what is the stomodeum?

A

site of the future mouth

30
Q

list the nasal swellings that develop on the frontonasal prominence in week 5

A

2 x medial nasal swellings

2 x lateral nasal swellings

31
Q

what grows in the groove between the eye and the lateral nasal swelling?

A

nasolacrimal duct

32
Q

what nasal features develop from the frontonasal prominence?

A

bridge

bony septum

33
Q

what nasal features develop from the medial nasal prominence?

A

crest and tip of nose

34
Q

what nasal features develop from the lateral nasal prominences?

A

alae (side of nostrils)

35
Q

what does the primary palate form from?

A

intermaxillary segment

formed by the fusion of two medial nasal prominences

36
Q

what does the labial portion of the intermaxillary segment give rise to?

A

philtrum of upper lip

37
Q

what does the upper jaw component of the intermaxillary segment give rise to?

A

carries four incisors

38
Q

what does the secondary palate form from?

A

palatine shelves that grow downwards from maxillary prominences

39
Q

is cleft palate more common in females or males?

A

females

failure of fusion of secondary palate

40
Q

is cleft lip more common in females or males?

A

males

failure of fusion of primary palate

Y2 Revision (95 decks)

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