Pathology - Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Glomerulonephritis is non-infective. True/False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the usual mechanism of disease that causes glomerulonephritis??

A

Autoimmunity - autoantibody formation or deposition of immune complexes
Can follow URTI but not common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

Infection of the renal pelvis/calyces, extending into tubules and interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acute pyelonephritis is more common than chronic. True/False?

A

False

Usually chronic presentations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the commonest organism cause of pyelonephritis?

A

E. coli

Can also get Pseudomonas, Strep. faecalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is pyelonephritis commoner in males or females?

A

Females since urethra is shorter and wider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is pregnancy a risk factor for pyelonephritis?

A

Ureteric dilation occurs with stasis due to hormonal and anatomical effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vesico-ureteric reflux can cause pyelonephritis. What is this?

A

Congenital/acquired defect where ureter entrance into bladder isn’t closed off, so when bladder contracts there is reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cystitis and which organisms usually cause it?

A

Inflammation of the bladder

E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which tropical infection can predispose to urethelial malignancy?

A

Schistosomiasis (particularly squamous cell carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Urethral obstruction is more common in males. True/False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What effect does prolonged bladder outlet obstruction have on detrusor muscle?

A

Hypertrophy and diverticulum formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

Dilation of pelvicalyceal system with parenchymal atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main cause of hydronephrosis?

A

Urinary tract obstruction

Reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly