1.4 Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
What do carbohydrates include?
A
- sugars and polymers of sugar
2
Q
What functional groups are in carbohydrates? What elements? (2)
A
- carbonyl and many hydroxyl
- C, H, O
3
Q
What are monosaccharides? (2)
A
- simple sugars
- molecular formula with multiple units of CH2O
4
Q
What is the most common monosaccharide? Why is it important? (3)
A
- glucose
- nutrients and fuel for cells
- Used in cellular respiration
5
Q
Why are monosaccharides helpful for amino acids?
A
- can serve as building blocks for amino acids, or as monomers for di and polysaccharides
6
Q
What are disaccharides?
A
- two monomers joined together by covalent bonds
7
Q
What is the most common disaccharide and why is it important? (3)
A
- sucrose
- monomers of sucrose are glucose and fructose
- plants transfer carbohydrates from roots to leaves in the form of sucrose
8
Q
What are polysaccharides?
A
Polymer with many sugars joined via dehydration synthesis
9
Q
How are polysaccharides stored in plants? Why is it important? (2)
A
- stores in starch (polymer of glucose)
- allows plants to store excess glucose
10
Q
Where do animals store polysaccharides? (3)
A
- glycogen (polymer of glucose)
- stored in liver and muscle cells
Note that muscle cells do not share glycogen reserves because they’re always used
11
Q
Name three structural polysaccharides and what are they?
A
- cellulose: tough substance that forms cell walls
- chitin: forms exoskeleton Arthropods
- fungal cell walls
