3.6-7: Respiration Without Oxygen Flashcards
1
Q
How do organisms produce ATP in the absence of oxygen?
A
- Anaerobic respiration
- fermentation
2
Q
What is anaerobic respiration?
A
- generate ATP using an electron transport chain in the absence of oxygen
3
Q
Where does anaerobic respiration take place in (like which organisms?)
A
- prokaryotic organisms that live in environments with no oxygen
4
Q
What are the final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration?
A
- sulfates
- nitrates (or)
(Absence would prevent them from respirating efficiently)
5
Q
Fermentation generates __ without an ___
A
- ATP
- ETC
6
Q
What happens in fermentation?
A
- extension of glycolysis
- Recycles NAD+
- no oxygen
7
Q
Where does fermentation occur?
A
In the cytosol
8
Q
What are the two types of fermentation?
A
- alcohol fermentation
- lactic acid fermentation
9
Q
What happens in alcohol fermentation?
A
- Pyruvate (from glycolysis) is converted into ethanol (alcohol)
Ex. Plants, bacteria, yeast
10
Q
What happens in lactic acid fermentation?
A
- pyruvate is reduced directly (not gonna lose anything) by NADH to form lactate (pyruvate to lactate by adding 2 H+)
11
Q
How are muscle cells an example of lactid acid fermentation?
A
- When muscle cells run out of oxygen, they go through lactic acid fermentation to produce ATP
- causes the burning sensation you may feel when performing streneous excerise
12
Q
How is lactate broken down in the body?
A
- muscles produce lactate, which goes into the blood, and is broken down back to glucose in the liver
13
Q
What happens to pH in the blood when lactate is present?
A
- lowers pH (maybe you r not breathing or smth)
14
Q
What happens if the body is unable to break down lactate in the blood?
A
- lead to lactic acidosis
- excessively low pH
