6.3: transcription and RNA processing Flashcards
Proteins are ______ made up of ____ ______.
- polypeptides
- amino acids
What type of bonds are amino acids linked by? What characteristics do these bonds have? (3)
- peptide bonds
- polar covalent
- Strong and attractive
What is gene expression?
The process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
What two stages are in gene expression? (2)
- transcription and translation
- occurs in all organisms
Name the pathway to how proteins are made. (2)
- DNA makes a copy through transcription to become RNA
2. Translation occurs to interpret the message on RNA to form a protein
What is transcription? What does it allow for, and where in the cell does it occur?
- The synthesis of RNA (mRNA) using information from DNA
- allows for the “message” of the DNA to be transcribed
- occurs in the nucleus
What is translation? Where does it occur in the cell? And what happens in this process?
- The synthesis of a polypeptide using information from RNA
- occurs at the ribosome
- A nucleotide sequence (codon, 3 nucleotides long) becomes an amino acid sequence
What are three key RNA molecules as we go through transcription and translation?
- Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
- transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is the role of mRNA? (2)
- mRNA is synthesized during transcription using a DNA template
- Messenger RNA carries information from the DNA at the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the role of transfer RNA? (4)
- transfer RNA molecules are important in the process of translation
- each transfer RNA can carry a specific amino acid
- they can attach to mRNA via their anticodon- a complimentary codon to mRNA
-  allow information to be translated into a peptide sequence
What is the role of ribosomal RNA? (2)
- Ribosomal RNA helps form ribosomes
- helps link amino acids together during translation
