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Naval Aircrew Warfare Specialist (NAWS) > 107 General Aviation Fundamentals > Flashcards

107 General Aviation Fundamentals Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Define Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

An object at rest will remain at rest, or an object in motion will continue in motion at the same speed and in the same direction, until acted upon by an outside force.

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2
Q

Define Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

Force = Mass * Acceleration

The acceleration of an object is directly related to the net force and inversely related to its mass.

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3
Q

Define Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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4
Q

Describe Inertia

A

The willingness of an object to remain at rest or continue in motion unless acted upon by an outside force

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5
Q

Describe Acceleration

A

An object’s capacity to gain speed within a short time.

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6
Q

Describe Speed

A

The rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate.

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7
Q

Describe Velocity

A

The speed of an object over a given time AND direction (i.e. 200mph due north)

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8
Q

Define Bernoulli’s Principle

A

High Pressure -> Low Velocity
or
High Velocity -> Low Pressure

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9
Q

Discuss Wind Warnings and their effect on naval aviation

A
  1. Small Craft-harbor and inland waters (18-33 knots)
  2. Gale- same plus ocean areas, airfields & installations (34-47 knots)
  3. Storm- same (48+ knots)
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10
Q

Discuss Hurricane/Typhoon conditions and their effect on naval aviation

A

Hurricane/Typhoon conditions pose a significant threat to Naval Aviation by causing high winds, heavy rain, storm surge, and reduced visibility, which can severely impact flight operations, aircraft safety, and mission readiness.

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11
Q

Discuss T-Storm/Tornado conditions and their effect on naval aviation

A

T2 - (watch) 25 mi or 6 hrs

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12
Q

Discuss Thunderstorm Watch/Warning

A

Watch: Be Prepared
Warning: Take Action

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13
Q

Discuss Winter Storm Advisory

A

Possible snow or other winter conditions which could pose a threat to specific personnel, but not a large enough hazard to alert the general public

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14
Q

Discuss Winter Storm Watch/Warning

A

Watch: Possibility of heavy snow or potential significant ice accumulations. Iussed 12-48 hours before expected arrival
Warning: A significant combination of hazardous winter weather is occurring or imminent.

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15
Q

Discuss Wind Shear

A

Rapidly changing wind speed and direction.

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16
Q

Discuss Micro burst

A

Most dangerous form of wind shear; small column of exceptionally intense and localized sinking air, causing rapid descent of aircraft unexpectedly.

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17
Q

Discuss SIGMET

A

Significant Meteorological Advisory
Convective: Thunderstorms, hail, tornadoes etc.
Non-Convective: Volcanic ash, sever icing, sandstorms etc.

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18
Q

Describe Lift

A

Upward force on airfoil.

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19
Q

Describe Weight

A

Downward force on aircraft.

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20
Q

Describe Drag

A

The resistance to motion.

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21
Q

Describe Thrust

A

Force that pushes the aircraft along.

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22
Q

Describe the Longitudinal Axis

A

The imaginary reference line that runs from the nose to the tail of an aircraft

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23
Q

Describe the Lateral Axis

A

The imaginary reference line that runs from one side to the concurrent other side of an aircraft

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24
Q

Describe the Vertical Axis

A

The imaginary reference line that runs straight up and down through the top and bottom of an aircraft

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25
State the three primary movements of aircraft about the axis
Roll, pitch and yaw.
26
Identify and state the purpose of the primary flight controls for Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Elevator, Aileron, Rudder
27
Identify and state the purpose of the primary flight controls for Rotary Wing Aircraft
Pitch, Collective, anti-torque rotor.
28
State the purpose of Flaps
Generates lift at lower airspeeds.
29
State the purpose of Spoilers
Slow aircraft using aerodynamic drag.
30
State the purpose of Speed Brakes
Increases drag while making little changes to lift.
31
State the purpose of Slats
Extendable, high lift devices on leading edge of wings to increase lift during low air speed operations such as takeoff.
32
State the purpose of the Horizontal Stabilizer
Prevents up-and-down or pitching motion of aircraft. Longitudinal control of aircraft.
33
State the purpose of the Vertical Stabilizer (what planes have on the tail)
Control yaw about the vertical axis, i.e., change the horizontal direction in which the nose is pointing.
34
State the purpose of the Tail Rotor
Counteracts torque action of main rotor by producing thrust in opposite direction.
35
State the purpose of the Trim Tabs
Located on the back of an elevator to keep the aircraft level.
36
Explain the term Angle of Attack
The angle at which the airfoil encounters the air
37
Explain the term Autorotation
Using the main rotors as a parachute and trading Nr for Np. Let the air flow up through the main rotor to spin it quickly, then dump that speed by flaring close to the ground and set down much more gently than otherwise
38
State the components of a basic hydraulic system
P.A.R.T.S. **P**umps **A**ctuator **R**eservoir **T**ubes **S**elector Valve
39
Describe and explain the main components of landing gear
**Shock Struts (Oleos)** – Absorb and dampen the impact of landing. **Wheels and Tires** – Provide rolling support during takeoff, landing, and taxiing. **Brakes** – Slow and stop the aircraft on the ground. **Retracting Mechanism** – Raises and lowers the gear (hydraulic or electric). **Side Brace** – Provides lateral support and structural stability **Down-Lock Actuator** – Ensures the landing gear stays securely locked in the down position **Drag Braces** – Locking gear in place when extended and resisting fore-and-aft (drag) forces.
40
State the safety precautions used when servicing aircraft tires (on the aircraft)
Approach from fore and aft (NEVER from the side), deflate carefully and deflate when removing from the aircraft. Tires are treated as ordnance.
41
Describe the Turbojet engine system
A turbojet produces all its thrust from the high-speed exhaust gases, used in most fighter aircraft.
42
Describe a Turboshaft engine system
High power-to-weight ratio engine used in helicopters.
43
Describe a Turboprop engine system
Engine powers a propeller which pulls aircraft through the air.
44
Describe a Turbofan engine system
Same as Turboprop except the propeller is replaced with an enclosed fan. Much safer than Turboprop and more efficient.
45
State the NATO symbols and explain the characteristics and reason for the use of JP-4
F-40. Never used on ships because of an overly low flash point (-10F). It's inefficient and has a flamespread rate between 700-800 feet per minute. Extremely volatile and very bad for engines.
46
Define the term flash point
Flash point describes the lowest temperature at which a fuel can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture with air.
47
State the NATO symbols and explain the characteristics and reason for the use of JP-5
F-44. Only fuel authorized for use aboard ships because its flash point is 140F (60C), the lowest flash point considered to be safe for naval vessels. Flamespread rate of 100fpm
48
State the NATO symbols and explain the characteristics and reason for the use of JP-8
F-34. Not authorized for use aboard ships because the flashpoint is 100F (40C). Acceptable for use on land, however, JP-5 is most preferred for naval aircraft. Flamespread rate of 100fpm
49
Describe the three hazards associated with aircraft refueling
1. Use proper grade of fuel 2. Ensure aircraft is properly grounded 3. Do NOT smoke or use open flames near aircraft
50
Explain HERO conditions
Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance. HERO means turn off radios and transmitters when susceptible bombs are around because the electricity emitted could set them off. T-storms are especially dangerous in ordnance-prone areas. (302 ft)
51
Explain the purpose of the APU
Provide ground service and bleed air.
52
Discuss icing and its effects on the performance of naval aircraft
Frequent icing could damage actual components of the aircraft, and a large amount of ice could unbalance the aircraft and make it extremely difficult to control. It increases weight and drag, decreases efficiency, and reduces lift of rotors
53
State the purpose of the Pitot-Static Tube
Most often used in aviation to determine aircraft's airspeed, mach number, altitude, and altitude trend.
54
State the purpose of the Airspeed Indicator
Displays speed of aircraft in relation to the air in which it's flying
55
State the purpose of the Altimeters
Tell you how far up you are, altitude
56
State the purpose of the Rate-of-climb
Tells you how fast you're moving either up or down
57
State the purpose of the Attitude Bank Indicator
Displays the relative position of the aircraft compared to the earth's horizon (tilt-meter)
58
State the purpose of the Turn and Bank Indicator
Tells you what degree you're rolling to (Angle of Bank)
59
State the purpose of the Navigation Systems
Marks your relative position on the globe
60
State the purpose of the IFF/SIF
Identification Friend or Foe/Selective Identification Feature-Programmed to transmit a certain "squawk" code that indicates whether or not the squawking aircraft is friendly, in distress, broken radios, etc.
61
State the purpose of the RADAR
Used to track developing weather and to keep an eye on aircraft and vessels
62
State the purpose of the Magnetic Compass
Tells you what direction you're heading. NESW
63
State the purpose of the Communication Systems
Ensures everyone is able to communicate with whoever they need to. Crew, swimmers, towers, base, downed aircrew, survivors, etc.
64
State the purpose of Bombs
Gravity controlled and guided but can also be guided via laser, gps, INS, Infared, manually guided, etc.
65
State the purpose of the Rockets
Propelled bombs; traditionally unguided however there are examples of both GPS and Laser guided rockets in use by the military today (e.g. HIMARS).
66
State the purpose of Missiles
Rocket propelled projectile equipped with a guidance system.
67
State the purpose of Mines
Passive defense/attack system. Underwater mines are triggered by sound, magnetic detection or contact.
68
State the purpose of Torpedoes
Underwater missiles fired by subs and boats. Both guided and unguided to targets.
69
State the purpose of Chaff/Flares
Chaff: Metal flakes used to disorient radar lock Flares: Bright and insanely hot used to draw attention away from IR signature of aircraft
70
State the purpose of Crew Served Weapons
Manned mechanical weapons used by aircrewman aboard helicopters. Gau-21, Gau-17, M240D, etc.
71
Explain the purpose of a Fuse
Protective device designed to break in case of a surge of energy the electrical component can't handle. Instantly severs the electrical current and cannot be reset
72
State the purpose of a Circuit Breaker
Same as a fuse but they can be reset. Not a good idea to reset them too many times though.
73
Describe the three hazards associated with jet fuel
dirty fuel, ppe to protect from vapors/irritation, gravity refueling not authroized while rotors turning
74
State the difference between fixed-wing and rotor airfoils
Airfoil; a fixed wing or blade shape designed to generate lift when air flows over it. Rotor; a set of rotating airfoils (blades) that produce lift and thrust by spinning,
75
Define an airfoil
Shape of wing/rotor blade. Air goes above and below, air on top of the airfoil speeds up and stretches out, it creates lower pressure, so the higher pressure underneath tries to move up toward the lower pressure on top of the airfoil and thus creates lift.
76
Describe Force
Strenght or energy exerted on an object (lift, drag, thrust).

Naval Aircrew Warfare Specialist (NAWS) (19 decks)

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