1.1 Skeletal And Muscular Systems

Question 1

What is a joint

Answer 1

Area of body where two or more bones articulate to create movement

Question 2

What is a ligament

Answer 2

Tough band of slightly elastic connective fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

Question 3

What is the articulate cartrilidge

Answer 3

Smooth tissue which covers the surface of the articulating bones to absorb shock and allow friction free movement.

Question 4

What is a plane of movement

Answer 4

Three dimensional movements at a joint

Question 5

Flexion

Answer 5

Decreasing the angle at a joint

Question 6

What is extension

Answer 6

Increasing the angle at a joint

Question 7

What is abduction

Answer 7

Movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body

Question 8

What is adduction

Answer 8

Movement of bringing limbs towards the midline of the body

Question 9

What is horizontal flexion

Answer 9

Movement of the limbs towards from the midline of the body parallel to the ground

Question 10

What is horizontal extension

Answer 10

Movement of the limbs away the midline of the body parallel to the ground

Question 11

What is an agonist

Answer 11

Muscle responsible for creating movement

Question 12

What is an antagonist

Answer 12

Muscle that opposes the agonist providing a resistance for a co-ordinated movement

Question 13

What is a fixator

Answer 13

Muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another moves

Question 14

What is a motor neuron

Answer 14

A nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres

Question 15

What is the delayed onset of muscle soreness

Answer 15

Pain and stiffness felt in the muscle which peaks 24-72 hours after exercise

Question 16

What is a motor unit

Answer 16

A motor neuron and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon

Question 17

What is action potential

Answer 17

Positive electrical electrical charge inside the nerve and muscle cells which conducts the nerve impulse down the neruon and into the muscle fibre

Question 18

What is a neurotransmitter

Answer 18

A chemical produced and secreted by a neuron which transmits the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the muscle fibre

Question 19

What is the All-or-none law

Answer 19

Depending on whether a stimulus is above a threshold, all muscle fibres will give a contraction or no contraction at all.

Question 20

What are slow oxidative muscle fibres

Answer 20

Muscle fibres which are rich in mitochondria , myoglobin and capillaries which produce little force over a long period of time

Question 21

Name 3 characteristics of slow oxidative muscle fibres

Answer 21

Rich in mitochondria
Work aerobically
Have high resistance to fatigue
Have high endurance
Have slow contractions

Question 22

What are fast glycolytic muscle fibres

Answer 22

Rich in phosphocreatine which produces maximal force over a short period of time

Question 23

Name 3 characteristics of fast glycolytic muscle fibres

Answer 23

Work anaerobically
Have large stores of phosphocreatine
Low resistance to fatigue
Low endurance
Powerful contractions

Question 24

What is phosphocreatine

Answer 24

High energy compound stored in muscle cell, used as fuel for very high intensity energy production

Question 25

What is mitochondria

Answer 25

Structure in the sarcoplasm responsible for aerobic energy production

Question 26

Define isotonic contraction

Answer 26

Contractions that cause the muscle to change length creating movement.

Question 27

Define concentric contraction

Answer 27

Contraction that causes the muscle to shorten