3.1 - Biochemical Principles: Newtons Law Of Motion, Force And The Use Of Technology

Question 1

What is Newton’s first law of motion and what does it state

Answer 1

Law of inertia - states that a body continues at a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external force or an unbalanced object.

Question 2

What is Newton’s second law of motion and what does it state

Answer 2

Law of acceleration - A body’s rate of change in momentum is proportional to the size of the force applied. Acts in the same direction as the force.

Question 3

What is Newton’s third law of motion and what does it state

Answer 3

Law of reaction - every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Question 4

What is the calculation for velocity

Answer 4

Velocity = displacement / time taken

Question 5

What is the equation for momentum

Answer 5

Momentum = mass x velocity

Question 6

What is the equation for acceleration

Answer 6

Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time taken

Question 7

what is the equation for force?

Answer 7

Force = mass x acceleration

Question 8

What are the 5 effects force can have?

Answer 8

Force can create motion
Force can accelerate a body
Force can decelerate a body
Force can change the direction of a body
Force can change the shape of a body

Question 9

What is net force?

Answer 9

The sum of all forces acting on a body

Question 10

What is the equation for weight?

Answer 10

Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity

Question 11

What are the 4 factors that effect friction?

Answer 11

Roughness of ground surface
Roughness of contact surface
Temperature
Size of normal reaction

Question 12

what are the 4 factors that affect air resistance?

Answer 12

Velocity
Shape
Front cross sectional area
Smoothness of a surface

Question 13

What is the purpose of limb kinematics?

Answer 13

Can focus on a specific limb or a piece of equipment and analyse the technique in the preparation, execution and recovery phases of motion

Question 14

What is the purpose of force plates?

Answer 14

To measure the ground reaction forces and moments involved in human movements

Question 15

What is the purpose of wind tunnels?

Answer 15

Allows engineers to have tight control on environmental variables such as wind speed or wind direction

Question 16

What is the centre of mass?

Answer 16

The point at which a body is balanced in all directions

Question 17

What is the Fosbury flop technique? (3 points)

Answer 17

Uses a j curve to allow greater velocity in the approach

Plant foot outside to allow inside leg to lift, along with the arms, at take-off to raise the centre of mass as high as possible

Fully extend the spine to rotate around the bar moving the centre of mass outside the body and below the bar. Only one section of the body has to be over the bar at one time

Question 18

What 4 factors affect stability?

Answer 18

Mass of the body
Height of the centre of mass
Base of support
Line of gravity

Question 19

What are the 4 components of the lever system?

Answer 19

Lever
Fulcrum
Effort
Load

Question 20

Describe the first class lever? Give an example?

Answer 20

Effort then fulcrum then load
Provides mechanical advantage
Example:
Extension of the neck when preparing to head a football

Question 21

Describe the second class lever? Give an example.

Answer 21

Fulcrum then load then effort
Provides mechanical advantage

Example:
Ball of foot in the take-off phase of a high jump

Question 22

Describe the third class lever system? Give an example.

Answer 22

Fulcrum effort load
Provides mechanical disadvantage

Example:
Performing a bicep curl

Question 23

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 23

Where the effort arm is greater than the load arm

Question 24

What is mechanical disadvantage?

Answer 24

When the load arm is longer than the effort