1.2 - Recovery, Altitude And Heat

Question 1

What is EPOC

Answer 1

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Represents the volume of oxygen required post exercise to return the body to pre-exercise state

Question 2

What are the 2 components of EPOC?

Answer 2

Fast alactacid component
Slow lactacid component

Question 3

How much of EPOC does the fast alactacid component account for?

Answer 3

10%

Question 4

What happens in the fast alactacid component of EPOC? (2)

Answer 4

Replenishment of blood and muscle oxygen
Resynthesis of ATP and PC stores

Question 5

How much of EPOC does the slow lactacid component account for?

Answer 5

90%

Question 6

What happens in the slow lactacid component of EPOC? (2)

Answer 6

Provision of energy to maintain ventilation, circulation and body temperature
Removal of lactic acid and replenishment of glycogen

Question 7

How does ventilation and circulation aid EPOC in the slow lactacid component?

Answer 7

Post exercise respiratory rate and depth and heart rate remain elevated
Decrease gradually to maximise delivery of O2 and the removal of waste products

Question 8

How does body removal of lactic acid and replenishment of glycogen aid EPOC in the slow lactacid component?

Answer 8

50 - 75% of Pyruvic acid is oxidised in the mitochondria and renters the Krebs cycle and etc to provide aerobic energy
10 - 25% of pyruvic acid is reconverted into glucose through Gluconeogenesis and gluconeogenesis
Small amounts of pyruvic acid is converted into protein by the cori cycle

Question 9

What are the 7 implications of training?

Answer 9

Warm up
Active recovery
Cooling aids
Intensity of training
Work:relief ratio
Strategies and tactics
Nutrition

Question 10

What is altitude?

Answer 10

The height or elevation of an area above sea level

Question 11

What is humidity?

Answer 11

The amount of water vapour it the atmospheric air

Question 12

What happens to barometric pressure as altitude increases?

Answer 12

Decreases

Question 13

What happens if an athlete competes at a high altitude? (3 points)

Answer 13

Rate of oxygen diffusion decreases, reducing haemoglobin saturation, resulting in poor transport of oxygen to the muscles for aerobic energy production

Question 14

What happens as an effect of competing at high altitiudes? (4 different points)

Answer 14

• breathing frequency increases
• blood volume decreases in first few hours
• stroke volume decreases in first few hours as heart rate increases
• maximal Q, SV, HR decreases

Question 15

Give a brief overview of what happens to cardiovascular and respiratory system at high altitude (7)

Answer 15

Decreased ppo2 in the air leads to…
1. Decreased diffusion gradient into the capillary blood
2. Decreased haemoglobin and O2 association in the blood stream
3. Decreased transportation of O2 to the muscles
4. Decreased diffusion gradient to the muscle tissue
5. Decreased O2 supply for aerobic energy production
6. Increased breathing freq and heart rate, decreased blood volume and stroke volume
7. Decreased VO2 max, aerobic capacity, intensity and duration of aerobic performance before fatigue

Question 16

What is acclimatisation?

Answer 16

A process of gradual adaptation to a change in environment

Question 17

What are the important benefits of acclimitsation on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

Answer 17

Release of EPO
Breathing rate and ventilation stabilise
Stroke volume and cardiac output decrease
Reduce incidence of altitude sickness, headaches, breathlessness, poor sleep and lack of appetite

Question 18

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 18

The process of maintaining internal core temperature

Question 19

What is cardiovascular drift?

Answer 19

The upward drift in heart rate during sustained drift in heart rate during sustained steady-state activity associated with an increase in body temperature

Question 20

What are the 3 most important causes of increased core body temperature?

Answer 20

High and prolonged exercise
High air temperatures
High relative humidity

Question 21

What is the effect of heat on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 21

Dilation of arterioles and capillaries to skin leading to increased bloodflow
Decreased blood volume, venous return, stroke volume, cardiac output and blood pressure
Increased HR
Increased strain on CV system
Reduced oxygen transport to the working muscles

Question 22

What is the effect of heat, humidity and the body’s thermoregulatory response on the respiratory system?

Answer 22

Dehydration and drying of the airways in temperatures above 32 degrees leading to…
- increased mucus production
- constricting of airways
- decreased volume of air for gaseous exchange
- increased oxygen cost of exercise
- increased irritation of airways due to pollutants from sun