2.1 - Injury Prevention And The Rehabilitation Of Injury

Question 1

What are the 2 types of injuries? Describe both.

Answer 1

Acute - sudden injury which is associated with a traumatic event
Chronic - a slowly developed injury associated width repeated or continuous stress or overuse

Question 2

What are the 2 types of tissue injuries? Describe both.

Answer 2

Hard - involves damage to the bone, or cartilage
Soft - includes strains and sprains of muscles, tendons or ligaments

Question 3

What is a fracture?

Answer 3

Partial or complete break in a bone due to excessive force

Question 4

What are the 9 types of fractures? Describe all.

Answer 4

Compound (open) - bone breaks through skin
Simple (closed) - skin remains unbroken as fracture causes little movement
Incomplete - partial crack that doesn’t fully separate the bone
Complete - total break which separates the bone into on to more fragments
Greenstick - break from a bending action
Transverse, oblique and spiral fractures - a crack perpendicular, diagonal or twisting diagonal respectively across the length of the bone
Comminuted - crack producing multiple fragments
Impacted - break caused by the ends of a bone being compressed together
Avulsion - bone fragment detached at the site of connective tissue attachment

Question 5

What is a dislocation?

Answer 5

When one bone is displaced from another, moving them out of their original position

Question 6

What is subluxation?

Answer 6

A partial or incomplete dislocation which often causes damage to the ligaments that connect bone to bone

Question 7

What are examples of acute hard tissue injury? (2)

Answer 7

Dislocation
Fracture

Question 8

What is an example of an acute soft tissue injury? (6)

Answer 8

Concussion
Contusion and haematoma
Sprain
Strain
Abrasion
Blister

Question 9

What is a contusion?

Answer 9

An area of skin where the blood vessels have ruptured

Question 10

What is a rupture?

Answer 10

A complete tear of a muscle, tendon or ligament

Question 11

What is a sprain?

Answer 11

A damage (tear or overstretch) to the ligaments

Question 12

What is a strain?

Answer 12

A damage (tear or overstretch) to the muscle fibres or tendons

Question 13

What is an abrasion?

Answer 13

Damage to the skin by a scraping action against a surface

Question 14

What is a blister?

Answer 14

Separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms due to friciton

Question 15

What is a concussion?

Answer 15

Traumatic brain injury

Question 16

What are examples of chronic hard tissue injuries? (1)

Answer 16

Stress fracture

Question 17

Give examples of chronic soft tissue injuries? (2)

Answer 17

Shin splints
Tendinosis

Question 18

What is shin splints ?

Answer 18

Chronic shin pain due to repeated overuse of the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

Question 19

What is tendinosis?

Answer 19

The deterioration of a tendons collagen due to chronic overuse

Question 20

What are intrinsic risk factors for injury prevention?

Answer 20

Athletes physical make-up or individual variables (poor posture, previous injury and insufficient nutrition)
Training effects (inappropriate flexibility, strength imbalance and poor preparation for training)

Question 21

What are extrinsic risk factors for the prevention of injury?

Answer 21

Poor biomechanical training and performance techniques
Incorrect equipment and clothing
Inappropriate overload without progression and lack of variance of training

Question 22

What are individual variables that contribute to the risk of injury? (4)

Answer 22

Previous injury
Posture and alignment issues
Age
Nutrition

Question 23

What are training factors which can lead to injury? (3)

Answer 23

Poor preparation
Inadequate fitness levels
Inappropriate flexibility levle

Question 24

What are extrinsic risk factors that can lead to injury? (4)

Answer 24

Poor technique and training
Incorrect equipment and clothing
Inappropriate intensity, duration and frequency of activity
Warm up and cool down effectiveness

Question 25

What is SALTAPS?

Answer 25

Stop
Ask
Look
Touch
Active movement
Passive movement
Strength testing

Question 26

What is PRICE?

Answer 26

Protection
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

Question 27

What are the rugby 6 R’s?

Answer 27

Recognise
Remove
Refer
Rest
Recover
Return

Question 28

State and describe the 3 stages of rehabilitation?

Answer 28

Early stage: gentle exercise encouraging damaged tissues to heal
Mid stage: progressive loading of connective tissues and bones to develop strength
Late stage: functional exercises and drills to ensure body is ready to return to training

Question 29

What is rehabilitation?

Answer 29

The process of restoring full physical function after an injury has occurred

Question 30

State and describe the 4 stages of stretching?

Answer 30

Acute - first 3 days only PRICE and no stretching
Mid phase - up to 2 weeks do gentle passive stretches to speed up recovery
Later phase - further 2 weeks do PNF to increase range of motion and stretch reflex
Long term - allow increase in range of motion and strength of connective tissues

Question 31

What is a massage therapy?

Answer 31

A physical therapy used for injury prevention and soft tissue injury treatment

Question 32

What are the benefits of massage therapy? (4)

Answer 32

Move fluids and nutrients through damaged tissue which encourages healing and accelerates removal of waste products
Stretch tissues, releasing tension
Break down scar tissue from previous injury
Reduce pain and generate heat, circulation and relaxation

Question 33

What is cold therapy ?

Answer 33

Applying ice or cold to an injury for a therapeutic effect

Question 34

What are 4 methods of cold therapy?

Answer 34

PRICE
Ice bath
Cryokinetics
Cryostretching

Question 35

What are 4 methods of heat therapy?

Answer 35

Heat packs
Heat towels
Heat rubs
Heat baths

Question 36

what are NSAIDs (Non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs)?

Answer 36

Medication taken to reduce inflammation, temperature and pain following injury