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a. histology (danica) > 11 Urinary System > Flashcards

11 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

histologically apparent substructure of the renal cortex composed of glomeruli and proximal tubules.

A

Cortical labyrinth

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2
Q

anatomical unit of the kidney composed of the medullary pyramid and the overlying cortex.

A

Lobe (renal)

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3
Q

anatomical subunit of a renal lobe that is centered on a single medullary ray.

A

Lobule (renal)

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4
Q

Collections of renal tubules coursing from the renal cortex to the medulla and centered around a collecting duct.

A

Medulla rays

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5
Q

process by fluid and molecules selectively pass across the glomerular filtration barrier

A

Ultrafiltration (renal)

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6
Q

cup-like structures receiving urine from the collecting ducts where it passes on to the renal pelvis and ureter

A

Calyces

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7
Q

arteriole carrying blood from the glomerulus to the capillary beds around the convoluted tubules and loop of Henle; portion of the portal system

A

Efferent arteriole

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8
Q

tuft of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule; filters the blood based on size

A

Glomerulus

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9
Q

functional units of the kidney that carry out all filtration and modification to produce urine; consist of renal corpuscles, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and descending and ascending loops of Henle; drain into collecting ducts

A

Nephrons

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10
Q

inner region of kidney containing the renal pyramids

A

Medulla

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11
Q

second capillary bed of the renal portal system; surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules; associated with the vasa recta

A

Peritubular capillaries

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12
Q

extensions of the renal cortex into the renal medulla; separates the renal pyramids; contains blood vessels and connective tissues

A

renal columns

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13
Q

outer part of kidney containing all of the nephrons; some nephrons have loops of Henle extending into the medulla

A

Renal cortex

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14
Q

adipose tissue between the renal fascia and the renal capsule that provides protective cushioning to the kidney

A

Renal fat pad

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15
Q

recessed medial area of the kidney through which the renal artery, renal vein, ureters, lymphatics, and nerves pass

A

Renal hilum

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16
Q

R

medullary area of the renal pyramids where collecting ducts empty urine into the minor calyces

A

Renal papillae

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17
Q

six to eight cone-shaped tissues in the medulla of the kidney containing collecting ducts and the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Renal pyramids

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18
Q

Two bean-shaped about the size of an adult fist.

A

Kidneys

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19
Q

Kidneys sit in the back between?

A

T12 and L3 vertebrae

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20
Q

CT present in capsule of kidney

A

dense irregular

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21
Q

What do you call the capsule covering the kidney which is a shock-absorbing layer of adipose tissue? It is encompassed by a tough renal fascia.

A

Renal fat pad

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22
Q

serve to firmly anchor the kidneys to the posterior abdominal wall in the retroperitoneal position

A

Fascia

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23
Q

the entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: renal artery, renal vein, renal nerves, lymphatics, and the ureters

A

Renal hilum

24
Q

What are the functions of kidney?

A

A. Nephrons, tiny structures in the renal pyramids, filter gallons of blood each day.

B. The kidneys reabsorb vital substances, remove unwanted ones, and return the filtered blood back to the body.

C. The kidneys also create urine to remove all the waste.

25
Q

On frontal section the kidney reveals an outer region called (1) and an inner region called (2)

A
  1. Renal cortex
  2. Renal medulla
26
Q

5-8 renal pyramids are separated by?

A

Renal columns

27
Q

If you divide the kidney longitudinally, you will see these structures.

A

Cortex, medulla, renal papilla, renal pelvis

28
Q

How much blood does the renal artery and vein circulate at rest?

A

2 1/2 pints/min

29
Q

Lobes are easiest to visualize in what animals?

A

Cattle and pigs

30
Q

Flow of blood in the kidney.

A

Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery

31
Q

Interlobar artery branches into? (3)

A

Arcuate artery, cortical radiate arteries, afferent arterioles

32
Q

afferent arterioles deliver blood into a modified capillary bed

A

glomerulus

33
Q

1.3 million of these in each kidney and they function to filter the blood.

A

Nephrons

34
Q

portal system is formed when the blood flows from the glomerulus to the efferent arteriole through a second capillary bed

A

Peritubular capillaries

35
Q

Where are nephrons located?

A

cortex and renal pyramids

36
Q

Nephrons perform the primary function of the kidneys which is?

A

regulating the concentration of water and other substances in the body

37
Q

The structures within the cortex, primarily the (1), drive filtration, and the (2) are responsible for reabsorbing, excreting, and concentrating the urinary filtrate.

A
  1. Glomeruli
  2. Tubules within the medulla
38
Q

What are the main components of nephron?

A

glomerulus
bowman’s space
proximal convoluted tubule
proximal straight tubule
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct

39
Q

Three main steps of urine formation.

A

Glomerular filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

40
Q

Other functions of nephrons?

A

Control blood pressure
RBC production
Calcium absorption

41
Q

In each nephron, there is an afferent arteriole feeds a high-pressure capillary bed. What is this?

A

Glomerulus

42
Q

Blood is filtered by the glomerulus to produce a fluid that is caught by the nephron tubule?

A

Filtrate

43
Q

proximal end of the tubule that surrounds the glomerulus and catches the filtered fluid is the?

A

Glomerular (bowman’s) capsule

44
Q

Forms the renal corpuscle.

A

Glomerulus and glomerulus capsule

45
Q

Movement of filtrate in tubule.

A

PCT - Loop of henle - DCT - Common collecting ducts

Out of the glomerulus, efferent arteriole - peritibular capillaries

46
Q

attached to the posterior abdominal wall and
located behind the peritoneum, therefore they are called as retroperitoneal organs that
lie in the retroperitoneal space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior
abdominal wall, protected by muscle, fat and ribs

A

kidneys

47
Q

kidneys sit in the back of the abdomen between the levels of?

A

T12 and L3

48
Q

This capsule is covered by a shock-absorbing layer of adipose tissue,, which is encompassed by a tough renal fascia. The fascia serve to firmly anchor
the kidneys to the posterior abdominal wall in the retroperitoneal position.

A

renal fat pad

49
Q

entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: renal artery, renal vein, renal nerves, lymphatics, and the ureters

A

renal hilum

50
Q

In the medulla, how many renal pyramids are separated by connective tissue renal columns?

A

5-8

51
Q

On frontal section the kidney reveals an outer region called the renal cortex and an inner
region called the renal medulla. Meanwhile, on longitudinal section, kidney can be divided into?

A

cortex, medulla, renal
papilla and renal pelvis

52
Q

renal artery and vein circulate huge amounts of blood about _______, which is up to one-quarter of the heart’s to

A

2 1/2 pints/min at rest

53
Q

Lobes are easiest to visualize in _______ wherein every single renal papilla drains
the overlying medulla and

A

cattle and pigs

54
Q

The afferent arterioles deliver blood into a modified capillary bed called the _______
which is a component of the “functional unit” of the kidney called the ________

A

glomerulus,nephron

55
Q

A portal system is formed when the blood flows from the glomerulus to the efferent
arteriole through a second capillary bed

A

peritubular arteries

56
Q

Nephrons perform the primary function of the kidney which is?

A

regulating the concentration of water

a. histology (danica) (17 decks)

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