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a. histology (danica) > Lecture 2 (Epithelial Tissue) > Flashcards

Lecture 2 (Epithelial Tissue) Flashcards

1
Q

these are transmembrane proteins fused on outer plasma membrane.

A

tight junctions

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2
Q

These are the contact points between plasma membrane and tissue cells.

A

cell junctions

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3
Q

These modification of epithelium are projections and a type of organelle seen on the apical surface of epithelial cells. They beat in a coordinated fashion and assists in the movement of material over the epithelial surface in a manner parallel with the surface of the epithelium.

A

Cilia

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4
Q

are cell surface modifications which increase surface area of a cell without significantly increasing the size of the cell

A

microvilli

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5
Q

often seen in organs where the epithelium plays a primary role in the absorption of molecules

A

microvilli

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6
Q

Merocrine Glands (4)

A

fluid products, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas

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7
Q

involves the release of budding vesicles off the epithelial cells into the lumen of the gland

A

apocrine secretion

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8
Q

apocrine glands (4)

A

cellular products, mammary glands, portions of cells, ceruminous glands

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9
Q

holocrine glands (3)

A

secretory products, whole cells, sebaceous glands

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10
Q

involves the death of an entire cell within a gland which subsequently sloughs off and releases content into the lumen of the gland

A

holocrine

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11
Q

involves the exocytosis of secretory vesicles to the lumen of the gland

A

merocrine

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12
Q

secrete their products into a duct that then delivers the product to the lumen of an organ or onto the free surface of the epithelium

A

exocrine glands

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13
Q

secrete their product into the extracellular space where it is rapidly taken up by the blood vascular system

A

endocrine glands

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14
Q

an invagination or aggregation of epithelium that forms a solid tissue structure; it is from the enfolding of epithelium and subsequent growth in the underlying connective tissue

A

Glandular Epithelium

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15
Q

covers the free surfaces of the body (internal and external) and cavities

A

Lining Epithelia

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16
Q

What composes the tissues that line the inside of the mouth, the esophagus and part of the rectum?

A

Nonkeratinized Squamous Epithelium

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17
Q

Other surfaces that separate body cavities from the outside environment are lined what lining epithelia?

A

by simple squamous, columnar, or pseudostratified epithelial cells

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18
Q

forms the walls of the pericardium, pleurae, and peritoneum

A

mesothelium

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19
Q

is a specialized form of epithelium which is the inner lining of blood vessels, the heart, and lymphatic vessels

A

endothelium

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20
Q

two functions of epithelium

A

a. They can act as a lining (lining epithelia)
b. Form a secretory structures (glandular epithelium

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21
Q

(formerly called transitional epithelium) is another type of unique epithelium in which cells can change from squamous to cuboidal, depending on the amount of tension on the epithelium

A

urothelium

22
Q

In this type of epithelium, taller simple columnar epithelial cells appear to have several nuclei at different heights, giving the appearance of stratification

A

pseudostratified epithelium

23
Q

is composed of cells that are wider than their height (flat and wide)

A

squamous epithelium

24
Q

is composed of cells whose height and width are approximately the same (cube shaped).

A

cuboidal epithelium

25
Q

is composed of cells taller than they are wide

A

columnar epithelium

26
Q

Where can we find the stratified epithelium?

A

In body linings that have to withstand mechanical or chemical insult such that layers can be abraded and lost without exposing the sub-epithelial layers.

27
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium is located in?

A

large respiratory airways of nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi

28
Q

Characteristics of simple columnar

A

a. found in areas with extremely high secretory activity (as in the inside lining of the stomach), or absorptive activity (as in small intestine)
b. often possess apical modifications such as the microvilli in the small intestine, or cilia found in some areas of the female reproductive tract

29
Q

How is simple cuboidal different from other classes of simple epithelium?

A

Its functions include secretion, absorption and excretion that can be seen in tubules of kidneys, and secretory ducts of pancreas and salivary glands

30
Q

this type is found in lining areas where passive diffusion of gases occur, such as walls of capillaries and alveoli of the lungs

A

simple squamous

31
Q

The thinness of the epithelial barrier facilitates easy movement of molecules across into another compartment

A

simple epithelium

32
Q

What are the four morphological classifications of epithelial cells?

A

number of layers, shapes of cell in free surface, function of the epithelium, surface modification

33
Q

The surface of a cell that faces a lumen or an outside area.

A

apical

34
Q

The surfaces of a cell that faces away from a lumen or outside area

A

basolateral

35
Q

A organelle and cell modification that manifests as a membrane projection capable of movement.

A

cilia

36
Q

A layer of dead cells filled with keratin that form a protective barrier over a layer of cells. Seen with stratified squamous epithelium

A

cornification

37
Q

A cell modification that is responsible a cell to cell adhesion resistant to shearing forces to the epithelial layer

A

desmosomes

38
Q

A type of simple squamous epithelium that lines in inside of vascular structures.

A

endothelium

39
Q

A basic tissue type that typically lines a surface (cavity, lumen or outside surface) or forms glands. plural, epithelia; adjective, epithelial

A

epithelium

40
Q

A cell modification that is responsible for the adhesion of a cell to extracellular matrix.

A

hemidesmosomes

41
Q

A structural protein and intermediate filament that provides a tough protective quality to some epithelial cell types. Seen with cornified or keratinized epithelium

A

keratin

42
Q

A cell modification that manifests as a membrane projection and increases the surface area of a cell.

A

microvili

43
Q

A type of columnar epithelium in which the nuclei are arranged in different levels in the cell layer

A

pseudostratified epithelium

44
Q

A single layered arrangement of epithelial cells

A

simple epithelium

45
Q

A multilayered arrangement of epithelial cells

A

stratified epithelium

46
Q

A cell modification that is responsible for cell to cell adhesion

A

tight junction

47
Q

A unique type of stratified epithelium capable of stretching that lines a majority of the urinary tract

A

urothelium

48
Q

Give the basic characteristics of epithelial tissue (4)

A

*All epithelial tissue rests on a basement membrane.
*The basement membrane acts as a substrate on which epithelium can attach to as well as grow and regenerate after injuries.
*Epithelial tissues have a nerve supply, but they do not have a blood supply.
*Therefore, epithelia must be nourished by substances diffusing from vascular structures in the underlying tissue

49
Q

all epithelial cells share the same characteristics (5)

A
  1. Close apposition of cells.
  2. Free surface of epithelial cells is adjacent to the space.
  3. Basal surface is adjacent to connective tissue.
  4. Sheets of epithelial cells may be modified into tubes forming glands.
  5. Absence of blood vessels within epithelial layer
50
Q

Primary functions of epithelial tissue

A

protect, absorption, secretion of hormones, sensory functions

a. histology (danica) (17 decks)

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