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2nd Year Histology > 9 Circulatory system > Flashcards

9 Circulatory system Flashcards

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1
Q

blood vessels vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues

A

arteries

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2
Q

facilitates interchange of nutrients/waste between blood and organ

A

capillaries

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3
Q

tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cell, and then back to the veins

A

capillaries

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4
Q

large vessel that handles high pressure, high volume blood flow exiting the ventricles

A

elastic artery

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5
Q

innermost lining of the heart and is the cardiac equivalent of the tunica intima

A

endocardium

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6
Q

highly specialized cell type that covers the luminal surface of a vascular structure

A

endothelial cells

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7
Q

outside surface of the heart is comprised of connective tissue and mesothelium

A

epicardium

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8
Q

Vascular structures responsible for draining interstitial fluid and returning it back to the cardiovascular system

A

lymphatics

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9
Q

Portion of the heart comprised of cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

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10
Q

Sac like structure that encloses the heart

A

pericardium

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11
Q

Modified cardiomyocytes responsible for propagating electrical signals

A

purkinje fibers

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12
Q

outermost layer of the vessel wall composed primarily of connective tissue, smaller blood vessels and nerves

A

tunica adventitia

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13
Q

middle portion of the vessel wall is composed of smooth muscle

A

tunica media

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14
Q

blood from the body back to the heart

A

veins

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15
Q

transport cells and dissolved materials including nutrients, wastes and gases

A

cardiovascular system

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16
Q

Transports oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new oxygen supply

A

pulmonary circulation

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17
Q

It returns oxygen rich blood and nutrients to the left atrium and is pumped out all over the body

A

systemic circulation

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18
Q

operates at considerably lower pressure to accommodate the oxygenation of blood in the pulmonary capillaries

A

pulmonary circulation

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19
Q

Blood circulation composition

A

arteries, arterioles, microcirculation such as capillaries and sinusoids, venules, and veins

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20
Q

serve to conduct high pressure blood to an organ

A

Arteries

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21
Q

which blood vessels are wider in diameter and have thicker walls

A

BV closer to the heart

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22
Q

BV that have thicker walls and smaller lumens

A

Arteries

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23
Q

Aside from oxygenated blood, what does the circulatory system carries for bodily functions

A

Hormones, WBC

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24
Q

innermost coat of blood vessels

A

Tunica intima

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25
In blood vessels, the simple squamous lining cells epithelium is called
endothelium
26
most important component of the tunica intima and form the primary barrier between blood and tissue
endothelium
27
What supports the vascular endothelium forming the remainder of the tunica intima
Basement membrane and subendothelial layer
28
contained within the sub endothelium particularly important stimulus for platelet activation and adhesion
collagen
29
helps to stabilize cell and cell substrate interactions within vascular endothelium
fibronectin
30
middle portion of the vessel wall
tunica media
31
Due to considerable lower pressure, it has thin tunica media.
venous supply or veins
32
outermost layer of the vessel wall
tunica adventitia
33
Tunica adventitia has a vascular bed designed to perfuse the vessel wall itself
vasa vasorum
34
blood vessels that supply the tunica adventitia are called
vasa vasorum
35
much thicker than Veins because of the high pressure of blood coming from the heart
arteries
36
In arteries, it is extremely thick and is the primary constituent of the vessel wall
tunica media
37
highly specialized cell types and cover the luminal surface of the tunica intima
endothelium
38
lie closer to the heart and their primary function is to conduct blood to different areas of the body
elastic artery
39
a distributive function, serving to take blood to specific organs
muscular artery
40
Regulation of blood flow to the capillary bed happens at the level of
metarteriole
41
limit flow to the capillaries that cannot tolerate pressures normally encountered in the arterial system
precapillary sphincters
42
allow blood to bypass regional capillaries
atriovenous anastomoses
43
tunica adventitia is particularly prominent in
large caliber veins caudal vena cava
44
Anastomoses arising in close proximity, and surrounded by a fibrous capsule, are referred to as a
glomus bodies
45
contain a thick wall of helically arranged smooth muscle cells, with lesser quantities of elastin
muscular artery
46
have the smallest diameter of the vascular system
capillaries
47
loosely distributed around capillaries that are directly apposed to the basal lamina and are capable of transdifferentiating into different cell types
pericytes
48
Tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body cells, and then back to the veins
capillaries
49
Pericytes can differentiate into
fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells
50
most ubiquitous microcirculatory vessel in the body
continuous capillary
51
Examples of continuous capillaries are found in
lungs, brain
52
contain small cytoplasmic gaps and lie on an uninterrupted basal lamina
fenestrated capillaries
53
Fenestrated capillaries are common in
endocrine glands, intestines
54
are demonstrated in the glomerulus and allow the formation of the ultrafiltrate that ultimately becomes urine
porous capillaries
55
Organs where sinusoids can be located
adrenal glands, liver, spleen, bone marrow
56
containing many concentrically arranged, fenestrated elastin laminae and interspersed by smooth muscle cells and ground substances rich in proteoglycan
elastic artery
57
in venules and veins, which layer is the thickest wall component
tunica adventitia
58
have a particularly important function in inflammatory responses, contributing to fluid leakage and leukocyte diapedesis
post capillary venules
59
have large gaps between endothelial cells, the basal lamina is either discontinuous or absent
sinusoids
60
valve present in veins and venules to prevent retrograde flow
semilunar valves
61
fluid that drains from the extracellular space of tissues
lymph
62
more permeable than continuous capillaries, allowing easy transfer between the blood and interstitial fluid
fenestrated capillaries
63
one circuit system until the two interconnected circulatory systems are comprised of the arteries and veins
lymph vessels
64
Aside from ninety percent water, what are other substances present in plasma
glucose, hormones, enzymes, urea, lactic acid, proteins
65
Morphological characteristics of RBC
No nucleus, contain hemoglobin, disk-shaped
66
Locations where red bone marrow are produced
Ribs, Humerus, Femur, Sternum, other long bones
67
more permeable and are capable of considerable rapid nutrient exchange
sinusoids
68
Where are old RBC destroyed
liver, spleen
69
cells defend against disease by recognizing proteins that do not belong to the body
WBC
70
process of WBC oozing through the walls of capillaries to patrol the tissue and reach lymph system
diapedesis
71
cell fragments used in blood clotting derived from megakaryocites
platelets or thrombocytes
72
lifespan of platelets
10 days
73
normally forms as capillary fluid passes out of the vessels, and is composed of water, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of plasma proteins
lymph fluid
74
inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells
Rhesus Rh
75
most common blood type
Rh positives
76
pressure during heart contraction to push blood into arteries
systolic pressure
77
pressure during heart relaxation as it refills
diastolic pressure
78
A normal heart rhythm is called
Normal Sinus Rhythm
79
abnormal heart rate or rhythm
tachycardia
80
It is where heart electrical system starts with an electrical signal in the right atrium
SA node Sinoatrial node
81
battery operated device placed in the body to produce electrical pulses that cause the heart to beat at a normal rate
pacemaker
82
A single drop of blood contains how many RBC and WBC
250 millions RBC, 275,000 WBC
83
sound of the valves in the heart closing as they push blood through its chambers
heartbeat
84
muscular pump that propels blood at high pressure around the body through the blood vessels
heart
85
3 layers of the heart starting inside
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
86
simple squamous epithelium of the tunica adventitia layer is called
mesothelium
87
tunica media layer of the heart is called the?
myocardium
88
lines the atria and ventricles and covers the heart valves
endocardium
89
two layered connective tissue sac that encloses the heart
pericardium
90
simple squamous epithelium of the tunica adventitia layer of the heart mesothelium is also the visceral layer of the
serous pericardium
91
outer pericardium
fibrous
92
inner pericardium
serous
93
largest of the three layers and contains cardiac muscles and loose endomysial connective tissue that contains lots of capillaries
myocardium
94
space between 2 layers of pericardium
pericardial cavity
95
Where impulses are generated which is found in the wall of superior vena cava
Sinoatrial node
96
It starts impulse generation around the ventricles
Atrioventricular node
97
lie in the deepest layer of the endocardium and supply the papillary muscles
purkinje fibers

2nd Year Histology (17 decks)

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