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a. histology (danica) > Lecture 3 - Blood and Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Blood and Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

mixture of cells and fluid that is being transported throughout the body by the cardiovascular system

A

blood

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2
Q

blood volume of large domestic animals

A

8 -10 % of body weight

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3
Q

Functions of plasma

A
  1. dynamic reservoir for maintaining the proper composition of ECF
  2. removes wastes
  3. supplies body tissues with materials necessary for body metabolism
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4
Q

process of creating a wide variety of blood and bone marrow cells

A

hematopoiesis

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5
Q

Common myeloid progenitors products

A
  1. megakaryocytes
  2. erythrocytes
  3. basophils
  4. neutrophils
  5. eosinophils
  6. monocytes
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6
Q

common lymphoid progenitors produces

A
  1. NK cells
  2. B lymphocytes
  3. T lymphocytes
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7
Q

All blood cells arise from

A

pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells

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8
Q

pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells give rise to 2 types of committed stem cells

A

myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells

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9
Q

resemble small lymphocytes

A

progenitor cells

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10
Q

progenitor cells give rise to these cells, which become recognizable as members of a specific lineage

A

precursor cells

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11
Q

undergo cell division and differentiation to yield mature cells

A

precursor cells

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12
Q

from blood into tissues and develop into macrophages

A

monocytes

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13
Q

migrate from blood into tissues where they proliferate and mature into mast cells

A

mast cell progenitors

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14
Q

maturation of functional T cells occurs in

A

thymus

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15
Q

b cells differentiate in these peripheral lymphoid tissues

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and diffuse lymphoid tissue

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16
Q

hematopoietic cells are identified on their ability to form colonies when cultured

A

in vitro

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17
Q

In adults, hematopoiesis occurs in

A

bone marrow

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18
Q

fluid phase of the blood

A

plasma

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19
Q

part of blood that is dense and collect in the bottom of the tube

A

red cells

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20
Q

collect at the interface between the red cells and the plasma in a thin gray-white layer

A

buffy coat

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21
Q

refers to plasma after clotting factors and fibrin have been removed

A

serum

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22
Q

by far the predominant cell type in the blood smear

A

erythrocytes/rbc

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23
Q

lifespan of rbc

A

120

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24
Q

anucleate, non-granulated, eosinophilic cells that are uniform in shape (biconcave discs) and size (7.2 microns)

A

RBC

25
Q

immature red blood cells that are released from the bone marrow

A

reticulocytes

26
Q

ratio of reticulocyte and rbc in a normal blood smear

A

1:100

27
Q

stain with a light blue tint due to RNA-containing organelles like free ribosomes

A

reticulocytes

28
Q

reticulocytes mature in how many days

A

1-2 days

29
Q

smallest elements of the blood and are responsible for the formation of clots

A

thrombocytes/platelets

30
Q

it is 2 and 5 microns in diameter and appear ovoid and anucleate with purple granules

A

platelets

31
Q

cells of the immune system that are present in both blood and interstitial fluid

A

WBC

32
Q

ratio of leucocyte and rbc

A

1 for every 1000 rbc

33
Q

its counts are raised in response to viral infections

A

lymphocytes

34
Q

larger than lymphocytes and have less-clearly demarcated nuclei that are usually not centered in the cell

A

monocytes

35
Q

its nuclei appear horseshoe-shaped and the cytoplasm contains fine granules that give it a muddy gray color

A

monocytes

36
Q

granules of monocytes contain (2)

A

lysosomal enzyme and peroxidase

37
Q

cells with lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules

A

polymorphonuclear cells

38
Q

polymorphonuclear cells are named based upon the characteristics of

A

secondary granules

39
Q

most numerous of the leukocytes

A

neutrophils

40
Q

nucleus segmented into three to five lobes, cytoplasm stains a pale pink

A

neutrophils

41
Q

contents of primary granules of neutrophils

A

acid hydrolases and cationic proteins

42
Q

content of secondary granules of neutrophils

A

antimicrobial substances

43
Q

distinguished by large red or orange granules of uniform size released during parasitic infections

A

eosinophils

44
Q

granules contain histamine released to cause a vasoactive response in hypersensitivity reactions

A

basophils

45
Q

an anticoagulant present in basophils

A

heparin

46
Q

can be used to assess the process of hematopoiesis, or blood cell formation

A

bone marrow smear

47
Q

active bone marrow appears

A

highly cellular

48
Q

active bone marrow is also known as

A

red bone marrow

49
Q

bone marrow with increased fat content

A

yellow bone marrow

50
Q

important characteristics to take into account when viewing a bone marrow smear

A

a. Size of the cell
b. Cytoplasm to nucleus volume ratio
c. Shape of the nucleus
d. Degree of chromatin condensation
e. Presence or absence of nucleoli
f. Cytoplasmic staining
g. Presence of cytoplasmic granules

51
Q

pluripotent stem cell from which erythrocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes originate

A

blast cells

52
Q

Erythrocytes develop from

A

erythroblasts

53
Q

granulocytes develop from

A

myeloblasts

54
Q

development of red blood cells

A

erythropoiesis

55
Q

has a darkly staining nucleus, cytoplasm stains a grayish-green color due to the accumulation of hemoglobin

A

polychromatophilic erythroblast

56
Q

lineage of erythropoiesis

A

erythroblast — > proerythroblast —- > basophilic erythroblast

57
Q

by which white blood cells develop

A

granulopoiesis

58
Q

has a flattened nucleus with condense chromatin

A

metamyelocyte

59
Q

specific granules of WBC are produced during what stage

A

myelocyte

a. histology (danica) (17 decks)

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