Lecture 3 - Blood and Hematopoiesis

Question 1

mixture of cells and fluid that is being transported throughout the body by the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

blood volume of large domestic animals

Answer 2

8 -10 % of body weight

Question 3

Functions of plasma

Answer 3

1. dynamic reservoir for maintaining the proper composition of ECF
2. removes wastes
3. supplies body tissues with materials necessary for body metabolism

Question 4

process of creating a wide variety of blood and bone marrow cells

Answer 4

hematopoiesis

Question 5

Common myeloid progenitors products

Answer 5

1. megakaryocytes
2. erythrocytes
3. basophils
4. neutrophils
5. eosinophils
6. monocytes

Question 6

common lymphoid progenitors produces

Answer 6

1. NK cells
2. B lymphocytes
3. T lymphocytes

Question 7

All blood cells arise from

Answer 7

pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells

Question 8

pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells give rise to 2 types of committed stem cells

Answer 8

myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells

Question 9

resemble small lymphocytes

Answer 9

progenitor cells

Question 10

progenitor cells give rise to these cells, which become recognizable as members of a specific lineage

Answer 10

precursor cells

Question 11

undergo cell division and differentiation to yield mature cells

Answer 11

precursor cells

Question 12

from blood into tissues and develop into macrophages

Answer 12

monocytes

Question 13

migrate from blood into tissues where they proliferate and mature into mast cells

Answer 13

mast cell progenitors

Question 14

maturation of functional T cells occurs in

Answer 14

thymus

Question 15

b cells differentiate in these peripheral lymphoid tissues

Answer 15

lymph nodes, spleen, and diffuse lymphoid tissue

Question 16

hematopoietic cells are identified on their ability to form colonies when cultured

Answer 16

in vitro

Question 17

In adults, hematopoiesis occurs in

Answer 17

bone marrow

Question 18

fluid phase of the blood

Answer 18

plasma

Question 19

part of blood that is dense and collect in the bottom of the tube

Answer 19

red cells

Question 20

collect at the interface between the red cells and the plasma in a thin gray-white layer

Answer 20

buffy coat

Question 21

refers to plasma after clotting factors and fibrin have been removed

Answer 21

serum

Question 22

by far the predominant cell type in the blood smear

Answer 22

erythrocytes/rbc

Question 23

lifespan of rbc

Answer 23

120

Question 24

anucleate, non-granulated, eosinophilic cells that are uniform in shape (biconcave discs) and size (7.2 microns)

Answer 24

RBC

Question 25

immature red blood cells that are released from the bone marrow

Answer 25

reticulocytes

Question 26

ratio of reticulocyte and rbc in a normal blood smear

Answer 26

1:100

Question 27

stain with a light blue tint due to RNA-containing organelles like free ribosomes

Answer 27

reticulocytes

Question 28

reticulocytes mature in how many days

Answer 28

1-2 days

Question 29

smallest elements of the blood and are responsible for the formation of clots

Answer 29

thrombocytes/platelets

Question 30

it is 2 and 5 microns in diameter and appear ovoid and anucleate with purple granules

Answer 30

platelets

Question 31

cells of the immune system that are present in both blood and interstitial fluid

Answer 31

WBC

Question 32

ratio of leucocyte and rbc

Answer 32

1 for every 1000 rbc

Question 33

its counts are raised in response to viral infections

Answer 33

lymphocytes

Question 34

larger than lymphocytes and have less-clearly demarcated nuclei that are usually not centered in the cell

Answer 34

monocytes

Question 35

its nuclei appear horseshoe-shaped and the cytoplasm contains fine granules that give it a muddy gray color

Answer 35

monocytes

Question 36

granules of monocytes contain (2)

Answer 36

lysosomal enzyme and peroxidase

Question 37

cells with lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules

Answer 37

polymorphonuclear cells

Question 38

polymorphonuclear cells are named based upon the characteristics of

Answer 38

secondary granules

Question 39

most numerous of the leukocytes

Answer 39

neutrophils

Question 40

nucleus segmented into three to five lobes, cytoplasm stains a pale pink

Answer 40

neutrophils

Question 41

contents of primary granules of neutrophils

Answer 41

acid hydrolases and cationic proteins

Question 42

content of secondary granules of neutrophils

Answer 42

antimicrobial substances

Question 43

distinguished by large red or orange granules of uniform size released during parasitic infections

Answer 43

eosinophils

Question 44

granules contain histamine released to cause a vasoactive response in hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 44

basophils

Question 45

an anticoagulant present in basophils

Answer 45

heparin

Question 46

can be used to assess the process of hematopoiesis, or blood cell formation

Answer 46

bone marrow smear

Question 47

active bone marrow appears

Answer 47

highly cellular

Question 48

active bone marrow is also known as

Answer 48

red bone marrow

Question 49

bone marrow with increased fat content

Answer 49

yellow bone marrow

Question 50

important characteristics to take into account when viewing a bone marrow smear

Answer 50

a. Size of the cell b. Cytoplasm to nucleus volume ratio c. Shape of the nucleus d. Degree of chromatin condensation e. Presence or absence of nucleoli f. Cytoplasmic staining g. Presence of cytoplasmic granules

Question 51

pluripotent stem cell from which erythrocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes originate

Answer 51

blast cells

Question 52

Erythrocytes develop from

Answer 52

erythroblasts

Question 53

granulocytes develop from

Answer 53

myeloblasts

Question 54

development of red blood cells

Answer 54

erythropoiesis

Question 55

has a darkly staining nucleus, cytoplasm stains a grayish-green color due to the accumulation of hemoglobin

Answer 55

polychromatophilic erythroblast

Question 56

lineage of erythropoiesis

Answer 56

erythroblast --- > proerythroblast ---- > basophilic erythroblast

Question 57

by which white blood cells develop

Answer 57

granulopoiesis

Question 58

has a flattened nucleus with condense chromatin

Answer 58

metamyelocyte

Question 59

specific granules of WBC are produced during what stage

Answer 59

myelocyte