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a. histology (danica) > Lecture 3 - Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

make up the connecting or supporting framework for most of the organs of the body

A

connective tissues

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2
Q

A specialized cell type that functions to store energy in the form of lipid and provide insulation

A

adipose

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3
Q

The main type of protein that forms the non-cellular component of connective tissue

A

collagen

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4
Q

very similar to hyaline cartilage, a type of flexible cartilage primarily located in the ear and nose

A

elastic cartilage

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5
Q

Type of connective tissue fiber that provides connective tissue with the ability to stretch

A

elastin

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6
Q

Elongated or spindle shaped with a scant amount of cytoplasm that are the primarily source of collagen precursor proteins

A

fibroblasts

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7
Q

A type of cartilage that has a higher collagen content that gives it a tougher nature than hyaline cartilage

A

fibrocartilage

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8
Q

The primary type of connective tissue found in the body that is predominantly formed from collagen

A

fibrous connective tissue

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9
Q

The most common type of cartilage seen primarily on joint surfaces.

A

hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

A subtype of collagen which are delicate and unorganized. Acts as a meshwork to hold the cells of an organ together.

A

reticulin

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11
Q

In contrast to epithelia, connective tissue is sparsely populated by cells and contains an extensive extracellular matrix consisting of?

A

protein fibers
proteoglycans
glycoproteins

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12
Q

Give the major functions of connective tissues.

A

provide structural and mechanical support for other tissues, and to mediate the exchange of nutrients and waste between the circulation and other tissues

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13
Q

two principal components of CT

A

extracellular matrix and variety of supporting cells

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14
Q

three distinguishing types of extracellular fibers:

A

collagenous, elastic, reticular

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15
Q

It is about 25% of the body’s protein (most abundant type). In fresh tissue they have a glistening white appearance making them known as white fibers

A

collagenous fibers

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16
Q

They have also a high tensile strength and thus can be stretched to 5% of their original length. For example, tendons, ligaments, deep layer of the skin(dermis), capsules

A

collagenous fibers

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17
Q

collagen found in placental basal laminae, tendon, and muscle sheaths

A

TYPE V

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18
Q

collagen found in basal laminae of epithelia

A

TYPE IV

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19
Q

collagen found in reticular fibers, healing wounds, smooth muscle, and fetal skin.

A

TYPE III

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20
Q

found in hyaline and elastic cartilage and in vitreous body of eye

A

TYPE II

21
Q

collagen that is most common, found in every connective tissue

A

TYPE I

22
Q

usually occur as individual, branching and anatomizing fibers made of a protein called elastin whose coiled structure allows it to stretch and recoil like rubber band

A

elastic fibers

23
Q

Elastic fibers found in organs whose normal function requires elasticity. Give example of these organs.

A

external ear, vocal cords, trachea, lungs, ligamentum nuchae, skin and arteries

24
Q

composed of type III collagen, they are thin delicate fibers that form mesh-like networks in organs such as spleen, kidneys and lymph nodes

A

reticular fibers

25
Q

an aqueous gel of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which predominantly of proteoglycans that occupies the space between cellular and fiber elements of the connective tissue.

A

ground substance

26
Q

What are the 7 major types of proteoglycans?

A

hyaluronic acid
chondroitin-4 sulfate
chondroitin-6 sulfate
dermatin sulphate
keratin sulphate
heparin sulphate
heparin

27
Q

It is a non - sulphated glucosamino-glycan that is not linked to a protein. It is large, long molecule that forms networks whose space is filled with tissue fluids

A

hyaluronic acid

28
Q

Hyaluronic acid is found in?

A

vitreous humor of the eye, synovial fluid, umbilical cord, loose connective tissue, skin and cartilage.

29
Q

chondroitin-6 sulfate is abundant in?

A

cartilage, arteries, skin and cornea

30
Q

dermatin sulphate?

A

Found in skin, tendon, ligamentum nuchae, sclera and lung.

31
Q

keratin sulphate is present in?

A

cartilage
bone
cornea

32
Q

heparin sulphate is found in

A

arteries and lungs

33
Q

heparin is found in what organs

A

most cells, lung, liver and skin

34
Q

Cells that are frequently encountered in connective tissue. They are involved in production of connective tissue fibers and amorphous ground substances (AGS)

A

fixed or resident cells

35
Q

Cells that are encountered less frequently and most of them have protective role. They include macrophages/monocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells, plasma cells granulocytes and melanocytes.

A

free or transient cells

36
Q

by far the most common native cell type of connective tissue

A

fibroblast

37
Q

They are generally elongated and spindle shaped common fixed cells with nucleus surrounded by pale scanty cytoplasm. They are relatively inactive metabolically and appear as fine structures in adult animal

A

fibrocytes

38
Q

connective tissue representative of the reticuloendothelial, or mononuclear phagocyte system

A

macrophage

39
Q

release large amounts of histamine and enzymes in response to antigen recognition.

A

mast cells

40
Q

Give some examples of loose connective tissue.

A

lamina propria of the alimentary and respiratory tracts, mucous membranes of reproductive and urinary tracts, glands, mesentery, and dermis of the skin

41
Q

has collagen fibers aligned parallel to each other;
this arrangement provides the tissue with high unidirectional resistance to stress.

A

dense regular connective tissue

42
Q

has collagen fibers randomly interwoven, forming a three-dimensional network resistant to distension in all directions. It is usually located in the capsules and walls of the organs, the dermis of the skin, and glands.

A

dense irregular connective tissue

43
Q

This is a very fragile connective tissue composed of thin strands of collagen fibers that contains a large amount of interstitial water content

A

embryonic CT

44
Q

the process of bone formation from an existing connective tissue

A

Osteogenesis

45
Q

This process is when bone forms directly from mesenchyme

A

Intramembraneous ossification

46
Q

The process of bone formation in a preexisting cartilage model

A

Endochondral ossification

47
Q

What are the basic functions of connective tissue?

A
  1. Binding of organs
  2. Provide framework for the structure of other organs
  3. Support the entire body by means of cartilage and bones
  4. Physical protection
  5. Movement
  6. Thermoregulation
  7. Storage
  8. Transport
48
Q

Two non-cellular biological materials of ECM

A

a. The fiber component
b. Ground substance

a. histology (danica) (17 decks)

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