Autonomic & Pharmacology of the NMJ + ANS

Question 1

<p>What are the nicotinic receptors and where are they?</p>

Answer 1

<p>N1 (ganglia)</p>

<p>N2 (NMJ)</p>

Question 2

<p>What are the muscarinic receptors and where are they?</p>

Answer 2

<p>M1 (neronal)</p>

<p>M2 (cacrdiac and presynaptic)</p>

<p>M3 (smooth muscle and glands)</p>

Question 3

<p>What are the alpha receptors?</p>

Answer 3

<p>A1</p>

<p>A2</p>

Question 4

<p>What are the beta receptors?</p>

Answer 4

<p>B1</p>

<p>B2</p>

<p>B3</p>

Question 5

<p>What receptors are ionotropic?</p>

Answer 5

<p>Nicotinic</p>

Question 6

<p>What receptors use G proteins?</p>

Answer 6

<p>All of them apart from nicotinic, which is ionotropic</p>

Question 7

<p>What receptors do most drugs not distinguish between?</p>

Answer 7

<p>Sub classes of:</p>

<p>muscarinic</p>

<p>alpha</p>

<p>beta</p>

Question 8

<p>What is the typical process of synaptic transmission?</p>

Answer 8

<ol> <li>Synthesis and packaging of neurotransmitter into synsynaptic terminal</li> <li>Na⁺action potential invades terminal</li> <li>Depolarise and activates voltage gated Ca²⁺channels</li> <li>Triggers Ca⁺dependent exocytosis of vesicles of transmitter</li> <li>Transmitter difuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor to provide a post synaptic response</li> <li>Presynaptic autoreceptors inhibit further transmitter release</li> <li>Transmiter is inactivated by uptake into glia or neurones</li> <li>Transmitter is metabolised within cells</li></ol>

Question 9

<p>What are potential sites of action for pharmacology of the NMJ?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Inhibit choline transporter</p>

<p>Block voltage gated Ca²⁺channels</p>

<p>Block vesicle fusion</p>

<p>Non polarising nicotinic receptor blocker</p>

<p>Depolarising nicotinic receptor blocker</p>

<p>Prolong the action potential</p>

<p>Block acetylcholinesterase</p>

Question 10

<p>What are some clinical applications of pharmacolgy at the NMJ?</p>

Answer 10

<p>Non polarising or depolarising blockers used for paralysis during surgery, electroconvulsive therapy or controlling spasms in tetanus</p>

<p>Botulinum toxin used for treating muscle spasms or cosmetic procedures</p>

<p>Anti cholinesterase used for treating myasthenic syndrome, reversing action of non depolarising blocker or countering botulinum poison</p>

Question 11

<p>Where could pharmacology of the ANS be at?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Ganglionic transmission</p>

<p>Post ganglionic sympathetic transmission</p>

<p>Post ganglionic parasympathetic transmission</p>

<p></p>

Question 12

<p>What are potential sites of action for ganglionic transmission?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Inhibit choline transporter</p>

<p>Block voltage gated Ca²⁺channels</p>

<p>Block vesicle fusion</p>

<p>Block aceylcholine activated channel</p>

<p>Non depolarising nicotinic receptor blockers</p>

<p>Deploarising nicotinic receptor blocker</p>

<p>Activate nicotinic receptors</p>

Question 13

<p>What are potential clinical applicaitons of pharmacology of ganglionic transmission?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Almost none because the drugs affect both the sympathetic and parasympathetic, and possible th NMJ so there are so many side effects</p>

Question 14

<p>What are post ganglionic parasympathetic transmission potential sites of action?</p>

Answer 14

<p>Muscarinic receptor antagonist</p>

<p>Muscarinic receptor agonist</p>

Question 15

<p>What are clinical applicaitons of post ganglionic parasympathetic pharmacology?</p>

Answer 15

<p>Agonist mimics the effects of the parasympathetic system</p>

<p>Antagonist blocks the effects of the parasympathetic system</p>

Question 16

<p>What are post ganglionic sympathetic transmission potential sites of aciton?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Block the enzyme that produces neurotransmitter</p>

<p>Block the transporter that filles the vesicle with noradrenaline</p>

<p>Introduce a false transmitter</p>

<p>Activate inhibitory presynaptic autoreception</p>

<p>Block A or B postsynaptic receptors</p>

<p>Stimulate noradrenaline release</p>

<p>Inhibit uptake into neurons</p>

<p>Activate postsynaptic receptors</p>

Question 17

<p>What can the inhibition of dopa decarboxylase do?</p>

Answer 17

<p>Stop the synthesis of noradrenaline</p>

Question 18

<p>What are clinical applications of pharmacology of postganglionic sympathetic transmission?</p>

Answer 18

<p>A1 agonist used as decongestant and to dilate pupil</p>

<p>A2 agonist used in the treatment of hypertension</p>

<p>B2 agonist used in the treatment of asthma</p>

<p>B1 antagonist used in the treatment of hyper tension</p>