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0. Foundations of Medicine > Gram Negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

<p>Neisseria Meningitidis - meningitis and septicaemia</p>

<p>Neisseria ghonorrhoeae - urethritis in men - pelvic inflammatory disease</p>

A

<p>What are the forms of Neisseria spp that are of clinical significance?</p>

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2
Q

<p>Aerobic gram negative cocci</p>

A

<p>What type of bacteria are Neisseria spp and Moraxella catarrhalis?</p>

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3
Q

<p>Can't be stained with gram stains</p>

<p>Can't be cultured under standard methods Mycobacterium Spirochaetes Chlamydia</p>

A

<p>What is meant by miscellaneous bacteria</p>

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4
Q

<p>Does salmonella ferment lactose?</p>

A

<p>NO</p>

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5
Q

<p>Yes</p>

A

<p>Does E Coli ferment lactose?</p>

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6
Q

<p>Klebsiella - UTI and pneumonia</p>

<p>Proteus spp - UTI</p>

A

<p>What other commensals of the gut exist? (apart from E.Coli)</p>

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7
Q

<p>NO</p>

A

<p>Does salmonella ferment lactose?</p>

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8
Q

<p>What type of organisms is pseudomonas?</p>

A

<p>Strict aerobic bacilli water and soil organisms</p>

<p>Contaminates medical equipment</p>

<p>Hospital acquired cause of sepsis: pneumonia, UTI Respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis</p>

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9
Q

<p>What causes tuberculosis?</p>

A

<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p>

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10
Q

<p>Large (coliforms)</p>

<p></p>

<p>Small</p>

A

<p>What are the sub divisions of gram negative aerobic bacilli?</p>

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11
Q

<p>What is the test for syphilis?</p>

A

<p>Serology, nucleic amplification tests</p>

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12
Q

<p>What type of organism is E.Coli?</p>

A

<p>Coliform - large gram negative aerobic bacilli</p>

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13
Q

<p>Treponem pallidum - syphilis</p>

<p>Borrelia burgdorferi - lymes disease</p>

A

<p>Give an example of a spirochaetes</p>

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14
Q

<p>Bacteriodes Fragilis - normal colonic flora</p>

<p></p>

<p>Causes intra-abdominal abscess</p>

A

<p>What are the important anaerobes? (BACILLI)</p>

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15
Q

<p>Primary - Non-painful skin legions</p>

<p>Secondary - Systemic illness and rash</p>

<p>Latent - symptomatic episodes may occur</p>

<p>Tertiary - central nervous system Congenital - stillbirth, neonatal death or disease</p>

A

<p>What are the stages of syphilis?</p>

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16
Q

<p>Prevotella - cause of dental abscess (pus that forms in the teeth and gums), aspiration pneumonia, human and animal bite infections.</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Name an oral anaerobe</p>

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17
Q

<p>What are the strains of chlamydia that cause respiratory infection?</p>

A

<p>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</p>

<p>Chlamydophila psittaci - contact with birds</p>

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18
Q

<p>Urinary tract infection</p>

<p>Enterotoxogenic E.Coli - commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea</p>

<p>Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli - Bloody diarrhoea Haemolytic uraemic syndrome</p>

A

<p>What is the infection usually associated with Ecoli?</p>

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19
Q

<p>Gut pathogen Coliform</p>

A

<p>What type of organism is salmonella?</p>

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20
Q

<p>Name a microaerophilic spiral bacilli</p>

A

<p>Helicobacter pylori - natural habitat is human stomach - damages mucosa and causes ulcers</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

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21
Q

<p>Mycobacterium leprae</p>

A

<p>What causes leprosy?</p>

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22
Q

<p>What causes leprosy?</p>

A

<p>Mycobacterium leprae</p>

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23
Q

<p>What is the ZN stain used for?</p>

A

<p>Mycobacterium species</p>

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24
Q

<p>What family do Coliforms belong in?</p>

A

<p>EnterobacteriaceaeInhabitants of the gut</p>

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25
Q

<p>What strain of chlamydia is responsible for the Ophthalmic and genital tract infection?</p>

A

<p>Chlamydia trachomatis - trachoma (tropical eye infections) Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility</p>

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26
Q

<p>What does salmonella cause?</p>

A

<p>Enterocollitis, with or without bloody diarrhoea</p>

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27
Q

<p>What does typhoid cause?</p>

A

<p>Fever and constipation</p>

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28
Q

<p>Serology, nucleic amplification tests</p>

A

<p>What is the test for syphilis?</p>

How well did you know this?
1
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3
4
5
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29
Q

<p>What are the sub divisions of gram negative aerobic bacilli?</p>

A

<p>Large (coliforms)</p>

<p></p>

<p>Small</p>

How well did you know this?
1
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30
Q

<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p>

A

<p>What causes tuberculosis?</p>

How well did you know this?
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31
Q

<p>What type of organism is salmonella?</p>

A

<p>Gut pathogen Coliform</p>

32
Q

<p>Coliform - large gram negative aerobic bacilli</p>

A

<p>What type of organism is E.Coli?</p>

33
Q

<p>Obligate intracellular bacteria</p>

A

<p>What type of bacteria is chlamydia?</p>

34
Q

<p>What type of bacteria is chlamydia?</p>

A

<p>Obligate intracellular bacteria</p>

35
Q

<p>1. Skin rash</p>

<p>2. Systemic illness - cardiac or neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms</p>

<p>3. Chronic disease - skin, nervous system or joint abnormalities</p>

A

<p>What are the stages of lymes disease?</p>

36
Q

<p>Present from birth</p>

A

<p>Define congenital </p>

37
Q

<p>Enterocollitis, with or without bloody diarrhoea</p>

A

<p>What does salmonella cause?</p>

38
Q

<p>Give an example of a spirochaetes</p>

A

<p>Treponem pallidum - syphilis</p>

<p>Borrelia burgdorferi - lymes disease</p>

39
Q

<p>What does Moraxella Catarrhalis cause?</p>

A

<p>Respiratory tract infections</p>

40
Q

<p>Helicobacter pylori - natural habitat is human stomach - damages mucosa and causes ulcers</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

A

<p>Name a microaerophilic spiral bacilli</p>

41
Q

<p>What are the virulence mechanisms of Escherichia coli?</p>

A

<p>pili, capsule, endotoxin and exotoxins produced</p>

42
Q

<p>Lactose fermentation</p>

A

<p>What is the test for gram negative bacilli?</p>

43
Q

<p>What does microaerophilic mean?</p>

A

<p>Requires little free oxygen</p>

44
Q

<p>Strict aerobic bacilli water and soil organisms</p>

<p>Contaminates medical equipment</p>

<p>Hospital acquired cause of sepsis: pneumonia, UTI Respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis</p>

A

<p>What type of organisms is pseudomonas?</p>

45
Q

<p>Fever and constipation</p>

A

<p>What does typhoid cause?</p>

46
Q

<p>What are the important anaerobes? (BACILLI)</p>

A

<p>Bacteriodes Fragilis - normal colonic flora</p>

<p></p>

<p>Causes intra-abdominal abscess</p>

47
Q

<p>Define congenital </p>

A

<p>Present from birth</p>

48
Q

<p>What are the gram negative bacilli other than coliforms?</p>

A

<p>Bordetella pertusis - whooping cough</p>

<p>Haemophilus infuenzae - cocco bacilli (mixed appearance) respiratory tract infection - capsulate form formerly an important cause of meningitis</p>

49
Q

<p>What is meant by miscellaneous bacteria</p>

A

<p>Can't be stained with gram stains</p>

<p>Can't be cultured under standard methods Mycobacterium Spirochaetes Chlamydia</p>

50
Q

<p>Respiratory tract infections</p>

A

<p>What does Moraxella Catarrhalis cause?</p>

51
Q

<p>Salmonella typhi</p>

A

<p>What is the cause of typhoid fever?</p>

52
Q

<p>What is the test for gram negative bacilli?</p>

A

<p>Lactose fermentation</p>

53
Q

<p>Campylobacter - commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea in the UK</p>

A

<p>Name a curved microaerophilic gram negative bacilli</p>

54
Q

<p>Name a curved microaerophilic gram negative bacilli</p>

A

<p>Campylobacter - commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea in the UK</p>

55
Q

<p>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</p>

<p>Chlamydophila psittaci - contact with birds</p>

A

<p>What are the strains of chlamydia that cause respiratory infection?</p>

56
Q

<p>How is diagnosis of chlamydia achieved?</p>

A

<p>Nucleic acids amplification tests</p>

57
Q

<p>What are the stages of lymes disease?</p>

A

<p>1. Skin rash</p>

<p>2. Systemic illness - cardiac or neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms</p>

<p>3. Chronic disease - skin, nervous system or joint abnormalities</p>

58
Q

<p>What are the forms of Neisseria spp that are of clinical significance?</p>

A

<p>Neisseria Meningitidis - meningitis and septicaemia</p>

<p>Neisseria ghonorrhoeae - urethritis in men - pelvic inflammatory disease</p>

59
Q

<p>What are the stages of syphilis?</p>

A

<p>Primary - Non-painful skin legions</p>

<p>Secondary - Systemic illness and rash</p>

<p>Latent - symptomatic episodes may occur</p>

<p>Tertiary - central nervous system Congenital - stillbirth, neonatal death or disease</p>

60
Q

<p>What type of bacteria are Neisseria spp and Moraxella catarrhalis?</p>

A

<p>Aerobic gram negative cocci</p>

61
Q

<p>Does E Coli ferment lactose?</p>

A

<p>Yes</p>

62
Q

<p>What is used to detect spirochaetes?</p>

A

<p>Dark ground microscopy or immunofluorescence - Often diagnosed by serology</p>

63
Q

<p>Mycobacterium species</p>

A

<p>What is the ZN stain used for?</p>

64
Q

<p>What is the cause of typhoid fever?</p>

A

<p>Salmonella typhi</p>

65
Q

<p>What other commensals of the gut exist? (apart from E.Coli)</p>

A

<p>Klebsiella - UTI and pneumonia</p>

<p>Proteus spp - UTI</p>

66
Q

<p>Bordetella pertusis - whooping cough</p>

<p>Haemophilus infuenzae - cocco bacilli (mixed appearance) respiratory tract infection - capsulate form formerly an important cause of meningitis</p>

A

<p>What are the gram negative bacilli other than coliforms?</p>

67
Q

<p>Name an oral anaerobe</p>

A

<p>Prevotella - cause of dental abscess (pus that forms in the teeth and gums), aspiration pneumonia, human and animal bite infections.</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

68
Q

<p>Name another gut pathogen that isn't salmonella or E.Coli</p>

A

<p>Shigella - diarrhoea, dysentery</p>

69
Q

<p>Chlamydia trachomatis - trachoma (tropical eye infections) Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility</p>

A

<p>What strain of chlamydia is responsible for the Ophthalmic and genital tract infection?</p>

70
Q

<p>EnterobacteriaceaeInhabitants of the gut</p>

A

<p>What family do Coliforms belong in?</p>

71
Q

<p>What is the infection usually associated with Ecoli?</p>

A

<p>Urinary tract infection</p>

<p>Enterotoxogenic E.Coli - commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea</p>

<p>Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli - Bloody diarrhoea Haemolytic uraemic syndrome</p>

72
Q

<p>Dark ground microscopy or immunofluorescence - Often diagnosed by serology</p>

A

<p>What is used to detect spirochaetes?</p>

73
Q

<p>pili, capsule, endotoxin and exotoxins produced</p>

A

<p>What are the virulence mechanisms of Escherichia coli?</p>

74
Q

<p>Requires little free oxygen</p>

A

<p>What does microaerophilic mean?</p>

75
Q

<p>Shigella - diarrhoea, dysentery</p>

A

<p>Name another gut pathogen that isn't salmonella or E.Coli</p>

76
Q

<p>Nucleic acids amplification tests</p>

A

<p>How is diagnosis of chlamydia achieved?</p>

0. Foundations of Medicine (167 decks)

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