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0. Foundations of Medicine > Gram Positive Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria is bacilli anthracis?

A

Aerobic and large

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2
Q

What are Group D streptococci re-classified as?

A

Enterococcus spp

Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecium

Often non-haemolytic

Found in the gut as normal commensal

Cause of urinary tract infection

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3
Q

What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

A

Pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia

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4
Q

What is used to differentiate between the different forms of staphylococci?

A

Coagulase test

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5
Q

What are the large aerobic bacilli?

A

Bacillus cerus - food poisoning

Bacillus anthracis

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6
Q

What is responsible for diptheria?

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae
Small aerobic bacilli

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7
Q

What does C. diff cause?

A

diarrhoea

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8
Q

What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Alpha haemolytic streptococcui

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9
Q

What are the further divisions of beta haemolytic streptococci?

A

Identified further by lancefield groupings - based on surface antigens Groups A-G ABD clinically most important

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10
Q

What does clostridium tetani produce?

A

Toxins which cause tetanusuncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction

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11
Q

What small aerobic bacilli is responsible for meningitis?

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

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12
Q

How do most bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary Fission

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13
Q

Give an example of group B streptococci

A

Streptococcus agalactiae :
Causes neonatal sepsis

MeningitisBacteraemia

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14
Q

What are the three types of streptococci?

A

Alpha haemolytic - partial haemolysis (turns blood agar green)

Beta haemolytic - Complete haemolysis (turns blood agar clear)

Non- haemolytic

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15
Q

What is the source of botox?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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16
Q

What can Clostridium perfringes cause?

A

Can contaminate food - food poisoning

Infects serious wounds and causes gas gangrene

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17
Q

Where can you find Clostridium perfringens?

A

In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces

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18
Q

What does viridians streptococci cause?

Aplha Haemolytic

A

Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves

Normal in oral flora

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19
Q

What is the cause of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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20
Q

What strains of anaerobic cocci exist?

A

Anaerobic streptococci

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21
Q

How does clostridium difficile spread?

A

In hospitals via spores

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22
Q

Which form of gram positive bacteria form clusters?

A

Staphylococci

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23
Q

Give an example of a staphylococci - coagulase positive bacteria and describe its effect

A

Staphylococcus aureus - commensal in nose

Major pathogen

Causes boils, soft tissue infections, septicaemia and food poisoning

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24
Q

What type of commensals are coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria?

A

Skin commensals

Staph epidermis

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25
Q

Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic

A

Streptococcus pyogens

Major pathogen

Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis

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26
Q

Which strain of staphylococcus aureus poses a major risk for infection prevention and control?

A

MRSA, methicilin resistant

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27
Q

Why is staphylococcus aureus commonly penicillin resistant?

A

They produce beta lactamse - provides antibiotic resistance to antibiotics with a four atom ring known as a beta lactam

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28
Q

What type of organism is C.Diff?

A

Anaerobic Bacilli

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29
Q

When can coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria become pathogenic?

A

In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?

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30
Q

Which form of gram positive bacteria form chains?

A

Streptococci

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31
Q

What is used for immunisation against Clostridium tetani?

A

Antigenically modified toxin

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32
Q

Aerobic and large

A

What type of bacteria is bacilli anthracis?

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33
Q

Enterococcus spp, Enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faeciumOften non-haemolyticFound in the gut as normal commensalCause of urinary tract infection

A

What are Group D streptococci re-classified as?

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34
Q

Pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia

A

What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

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35
Q

Coagulase test

A

What is used to differentiate between the different forms of staphylococci?

36
Q

What are the large aerobic bacilli?Bacillus cerus - food poisoning

Bacillus anthracis

A

Bacillus cerus - food poisoning

Bacillus anthracis

37
Q

What is responsible for diptheria?

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae Small aerobic bacilli

38
Q

diarrhoea

A

What does C. diff cause?

39
Q

What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Alpha haemolytic streptococcui

40
Q

What are the further divisions of beta haemolytic streptococci?

A

Identified further by lancefield groupings

  • based on surface antigens Groups A-G ABD clinically most important
41
Q

What does clostridium tetani produce?

A

Toxins which cause tetanus uncontrolled muscle spasm

  • loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction
42
Q

What small aerobic bacilli is responsible for meningitis?

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

43
Q

How do most bacteria reproduce?

Binary Fission

A

Binary Fission

44
Q

Give an example of group B streptococci

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

Causes :

neonatal sepsis

Meningitis

Bacteraemia

45
Q

What are the three types of streptococci?

A

Alpha haemolytic - partial haemolysis (turns blood agar green)

Beta haemolytic - Complete haemolysis (turns blood agar clear)

Non- haemolytic

46
Q

What is the source of botox?

Clostridium botulinum

A

Clostridium botulinum

47
Q

What can Clostridium perfringes cause?

A

Can contaminate food - food poisoning

Infects serious wounds and causes gas gangrene

48
Q

Where can you find Clostridium perfringens?

In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces

A

In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces

49
Q

What does viridians streptococci cause?

Aplha Haemolytic

Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves Normal in oral flora

A

Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves

Normal in oral flora

50
Q

What is the cause of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

51
Q

What strains of anaerobic cocci exist?

Anaerobic streptococci

A

Anaerobic streptococci

52
Q

How does clostridium difficile spread?

A

In hospitals via spores

53
Q

In hospitals via spores

A

How does clostridium difficile spread?

54
Q

Which form of gram positive bacteria form clusters?

A

Staphylococci

55
Q

Give an example of a staphylococci - coagulase positive bacteria and describe its effect

A

Staphylococcus aureus - commensal in noseMajor pathogen

Causes boils, soft tissue infections, septicaemia and food poisoning

56
Q

Staphylococcus aureus - commensal in noseMajor pathogenCauses boils, soft tissue infections, septicaemia and food poisoning

A

Give an example of a staphylococci - coagulase positive bacteria and describe its effect

57
Q

Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic

A

Streptococcus pyogens

Major pathogen

Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis

58
Q

Which strain of staphylococcus aureus poses a major risk for infection prevention and control?

MRSA, methicilin resistant

A

MRSA, methicilin resistant

59
Q

Why is staphylococcus aureus commonly penicillin resistant?

A

They produce beta lactamse - provides antibiotic resistance to antibiotics with a four atom ring known as a beta lactam

60
Q

What type of organism is C.Diff?

A

Anaerobic Bacilli

61
Q

When can coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria become pathogenic?

In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?

A

In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?

62
Q

Which form of gram positive bacteria form chains?

A

Streptococci

63
Q

What is used for immunisation against Clostridium tetani?

A

Antigenically modified toxin

64
Q

When can coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria become pathogenic?

A

In the presence of foreign bodies (prosthesis)?

65
Q

What type of organism is C.Diff?

Anaerobic Bacilli

A

Anaerobic Bacilli

66
Q

Which strain of staphylococcus aureus poses a major risk for infection prevention and control?

MRSA, methicilin resistant

A

MRSA, methicilin resistant

67
Q

Streptococcus pyogens Major pathogen Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis

A

Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic

68
Q

Give an example of a group A streptococci beta haemolytic

A

Streptococcus pyogens

Major pathogen

Sore throats, cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis

69
Q

What type of commensals are coagulase negative staphylococcus bacteria?

Skin commensalsStaph epidermis

A

Skin commensals

Staph epidermis

70
Q

Which form of gram positive bacteria form clusters?

Staphylococci

A

Staphylococci

71
Q

What strains of anaerobic cocci exist?

Anaerobic streptococci

A

Anaerobic streptococci

72
Q

What is the cause of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

73
Q

What does viridians streptococci cause?

Aplha Haemolytic

A

Infective endocarditis - Infection of the heart valves

Normal in oral flora

74
Q

Where can you find Clostridium perfringens?

In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces

A

In the soil and normal commensal in human and animal gut/faeces

75
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

What is the source of botox?

76
Q

What is the source of botox?

A

What is the source of botox?

77
Q

What are the three types of streptococci?

A

Alpha haemolytic - partial haemolysis (turns blood agar green)

Beta haemolytic - Complete haemolysis (turns blood agar clear)

Non- haemolytic

78
Q

Streptococcus agalactiaeCauses neonatal sepsisMeningitisBacteraemia

A

Give an example of group B streptococci

79
Q

Give an example of group B streptococci

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

Causes :

neonatal sepsis

Meningitis

Bacteraemia

80
Q

What small aerobic bacilli is responsible for meningitis?

Listeria Monocytogenes

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

81
Q

What does clostridium tetani produce?

Toxins which cause tetanusuncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction

A

Toxins which cause tetanus uncontrolled muscle spasm - loss of inhibition at neuromuscluar junction

82
Q

What are the further divisions of beta haemolytic streptococci?

A

Identified further by lancefield groupings - based on surface antigens Groups A-G ABD clinically most important

83
Q

What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Alpha haemolytic streptococcui

84
Q

What does C. diff cause?

A

diarrhoea

85
Q

What is responsible for diptheria?

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Small aerobic bacilli

86
Q

What are the large aerobic bacilli?

A

Bacillus cerus - food poisoning

Bacillus anthracis

0. Foundations of Medicine (167 decks)

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