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0. Foundations of Medicine > Drug Therapy : Drug Delivery Systems > Flashcards

Drug Therapy : Drug Delivery Systems Flashcards

1
Q

<p>What are different kinds of drug delivery?</p>

A

<p>Oral</p>

<p>Intravenous (IV)</p>

<p>Transdermal</p>

<p>Carrier based</p>

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2
Q

<p>What are different forms of drugs that may be given to patients?</p>

A

<p>Tablets or capsules</p>

<p>Solutions or suspensions</p>

<p>Ointments and creams</p>

<p>Inhalation</p>

<p>Injections</p>

<p>Suppositories (insterted into rectum or vagina)</p>

<p>Pessaries (inserted into vagina)</p>

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3
Q

<p>What are soppositories?</p>

A

<p>Drugs that are inserted into the rectum or the vagina</p>

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4
Q

<p>What are pessaries?</p>

A

<p>Drugs that are inserted into the vagina</p>

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5
Q

<p>What are things that determine which drug delivery system to use?</p>

A

<p>Dose of the drug being given</p>

<p>Frequency of administration</p>

<p>Timing of administration</p>

<p>Disease being treated</p>

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6
Q

<p>What do we consider when deciding what dose to use?</p>

A

<p>Recommended dose</p>

<p>Impaired renal function</p>

<p>Impaired liver function</p>

<p>Age and weight</p>

<p>Disease to be treated</p>

<p>Drug toxicity</p>

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7
Q

<p>What is oral medication absorbed by?</p>

A

<p>The GI tract:</p>

<p></p>

<p>Buccal</p>

<p>Sublingual</p>

<p>Oral</p>

<p>Rectal</p>

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8
Q

<p>What are solutions and suspension useful for?</p>

A

<p>Giving medicine to the young, elderly and patients with swollowing difficulties</p>

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9
Q

<p>What is an advantage of using solutions or suspensions?</p>

A

<p>Absorbed extrememly rapidly</p>

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10
Q

<p>What does the absorption of solutions or suspensions depend on?</p>

A

<p>Gastric emptying and is more rapid from the small intestine</p>

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11
Q

<p>Where is absorption from solutions or suspensions most rapid from?</p>

A

<p>Small intestine</p>

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12
Q

<p>What is the rate limiting step for the absorption of tablets?</p>

A

<p>Dissolution (tablet breakdown)</p>

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13
Q

<p>What are the advantages of using tablets or capsules?</p>

A

<p>Convenience</p>

<p>Accuracy of dose</p>

<p>Reproducibility</p>

<p>Drug stability</p>

<p>Ease of mass production</p>

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14
Q

<p>What do enteric coated tablets do?</p>

A

<p>Delay the disintegration of the tablet until it reaches the small instestine</p>

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15
Q

<p>Why would enteric coated tablets be used?</p>

A

<p>Protect the drug from stomach acid</p>

<p>Protect the stomach from the drug</p>

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16
Q

<p>What are prolonged release formulations useful for?</p>

A

<p>Most disorders required prolonged therapy</p>

<p>Maintains drug level within a therapeutic range</p>

<p>Reduces the need for frequent dosing</p>

<p>Compliance is improved</p>

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17
Q

<p>What kind of therapy do most disorders require?</p>

A

<p>Prolonged therapy</p>

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18
Q

<p>What are different kinds of prolonged release drugs?</p>

A

<p>Oral preparations</p>

<p>Parenteral preparations (intermuscular injections)</p>

<p>Surgical implants</p>

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19
Q

<p>What can you not do when using prolonged release drugs?</p>

A

<p>Swap someone from one form to another</p>

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20
Q

<p>What are prodrugs?</p>

A

<p>Synthesised inactive derivatives of an active drug which requires to be metabolically activated after administration</p>

21
Q

<p>What are the advantages of using prodrugs?</p>

A

<p>Prolongation of duration of action</p>

<p>Avoidance of the drug in the gut</p>

22
Q

<p>What are buccal and sublingual adminstration ideal for?</p>

A

<p>Drugs which have an extensive first pass metabolism</p>

23
Q

<p>What are sublingual tablets?</p>

A

<p>Ones which dissolve slowly under the tongue</p>

24
Q

<p>Who is the rectal route often used for?</p>

A

<p>Young</p>

<p>Old</p>

<p>Patients unable to swollow</p>

25
Q

<p>What is an advantage of using the rectal route?</p>

A

<p>Bypass first pass metabolism</p>

26
Q

<p>How may drugs from the rectal route act?</p>

A

<p>Locally</p>

<p>Systematically</p>

27
Q

<p>How do drugs from the vaginal route act?</p>

A

<p>Locally</p>

28
Q

<p>What do drugs from the vaginal route include?</p>

A

<p>Creams</p>

<p>Pessaries</p>

29
Q

<p>What do injection based drug delivery systems include?</p>

A

<p>Intravenous (IV)</p>

<p>Intramuscular</p>

<p>Subcutaneous</p>

<p>Intradermal</p>

30
Q

<p>What do injection based drugs provide?</p>

A

<p>Fast systematic effects by bypassing first pass metabolism</p>

31
Q

<p>What can you say about the half life of injection based drugs?</p>

A

<p>Short half life</p>

32
Q

<p>What is useful about the infusion on injection based drugs?</p>

A

<p>Can be infused continuously</p>

33
Q

<p>What kinds of patents who are not able to swollow drugs can injection based drugs be given to?</p>

A

<p>Unconscious ones</p>

34
Q

<p>When are drugs given intravaneously?</p>

A

<p>Rapid onset of action is required</p>

<p>Careful control of plasma level is required</p>

<p>Drug has a short half life</p>

35
Q

<p>How may IV formulations be given?</p>

A

<p>Rapidly</p>

<p>Slowly (prevent toxic effects)</p>

<p>Continuous infusion to ensure acurate control</p>

36
Q

<p>Why would an IV drug be infused slowly?</p>

A

<p>To prevent toxic effects</p>

37
Q

<p>Why would an IV drug be infused continuously?</p>

A

<p>Ensure accurate control</p>

38
Q

<p>What is an intramuscular injection?</p>

A

<p>Injection given into muscle mass</p>

39
Q

<p>What is an advantage of intramuscular injection?</p>

A

<p>Allows more sustained duration of action up to months</p>

40
Q

<p>What is a subcutaneous injection?</p>

A

<p>Injection applied under the skin</p>

41
Q

<p>What is the advantage of a subcutaneous injection?</p>

A

<p>Bypass the nedd for venous access</p>

42
Q

<p>What are transdermal drug delivery systems?</p>

A

<p>Adhesive patches containing the drug are applied to the skin where the drug then crosses the skin surface by diffusion and enters systematic circulation</p>

43
Q

<p>What is an advantage of transdermal drug deliver systems?</p>

A

<p>Bypass first pass metabolism</p>

44
Q

<p>What does inhalation drugs do?</p>

A

<p>Delivers drugs directly to the things for local effect or to achieve systematic effect</p>

45
Q

<p>What is an advantage of inhalation drugs?</p>

A

<p>Rapid effect using smaller doses so less side effects</p>

46
Q

<p>What does utilising carriers allow?</p>

A

<p>Small amounts of drugs to be administered and to be taken to where they are needed</p>

47
Q

<p>What are examples of pharmaceutical carriers?</p>

A

<p>Micelles</p>

<p>Vesicles</p>

<p>Multifunctional dendritic polymers</p>

<p>Nanospheres</p>

<p>Nanocapsules</p>

<p>Liquid crystals</p>

48
Q

<p>Why does the colour of a drug have an impact on its effect?</p>

A

<p>The placebo effect</p>

0. Foundations of Medicine (167 decks)

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