11.1 A: Aerodynamics And Flight Controls Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following are the three primary axes an aircraft can rotate about in flight?
a) Lateral axis, Longitudinal axis, Vertical axis
b) Vertical axis, Diagonal axis, Central axis
c) Lateral axis, Rotational axis, Symmetrical axis
A
a) Lateral axis, Longitudinal axis, Vertical axis
2
Q
What are the movements called about the three primary axes of an aircraft?
a) Dive, Bank, Turn
b) Pitch, Roll, Yaw
c)Pitch, Twist, Spin
A
b) Pitch, Roll, Yaw
3
Q
What motion occurs around the lateral axis of an aircraft, and which control surface manages it?
a) Yaw motion controlled by the rudder
b) Pitch motion controlled by the elevator
c) Roll motion controlled by the ailerons
A
b) Pitch motion controlled by the elevator
4
Q
What axis does pitch motion occur around?
a) Longitudinal axis
b) Vertical axis
c) Lateral axis
A
c) Lateral axis
5
Q
What control surface is responsible for pitch?
a) Rudder
b) Aileron
c) Elevator
A
c) Elevator
6
Q
Where are elevators usually located on an aircraft?
a) On the wings
b) On the tail or horizontal stabilizer
c) Under the fuselage
A
b) On the tail or horizontal stabilizer
7
Q
The lateral axis runs from:
a) Nose to tail
b) Top to bottom
c) Wing-tip to wing-tip
A
c) Wing-tip to wing-tip
8
Q
On which axis does roll motion occur?
a) Lateral axis
b) Longitudinal axis
c) Vertical axis
A
b) Longitudinal axis
9
Q
What direction does the longitudinal axis run?
a) From wing-tip to wing-tip
b) From nose to tail
c) From top to bottom
A
b) From nose to tail
10
Q
Which control surface is responsible for roll?
a) Elevators
b) Rudder
c) Ailerons
A
c) Ailerons
11
Q
What does rolling involve in aircraft movement?
a) The aircraft moving up or down
b) The aircraft tilting to one side or the other
c) The aircraft rotating about its vertical axis
A
b) The aircraft tilting to one side or the other
12
Q
What causes roll motion in an aircraft?
a) Differential lift between the wings
b) The elevator control surface
c) The rudder deflection
A
a) Differential lift between the wings
13
Q
What axis does yaw motion occur around in an aircraft?
a) Lateral axis
b) Longitudinal axis
c) Vertical axis
A
c) Vertical axis
14
Q
What control surface is responsible for yaw in an aircraft?
a) Aileron
b) Elevator
c) Rudder
A
c) Rudder
15
Q
Where is the vertical axis located on an aircraft?
a) From the wing-tip to wing-tip
b) From the nose to the tail
c) Through the centre of gravity
A
c) Through the centre of gravity
16
Q
What movement is associated with yaw in an aircraft?
a) Aircraft nose moving up or down
b) Aircraft rolling left or right
c) Aircraft turning left or right
A
c) Aircraft turning left or right
17
Q
What are the three primary flight controls?
a) Ailerons, Elevators, Rudder
b) Ailerons, Flaps, Speed brakes
c) Elevators, Rudder, Slats
A
a) Ailerons, Elevators, Rudder
18
Q
What additional flight control surfaces may be added to larger commercial aircraft?
a) Elevators and Flaps
b) Roll spoilers and/or speed brakes
c) Ailerons and Rudder
A
b) Roll spoilers and/or speed brakes
19
Q
What two things control roll on an aircraft at high speeds?
a) Ailerons and elevators
b) Ailerons and roll spoilers
c) Rudder and ailerons
A
b) Ailerons and roll spoilers
20
Q
Where are ailerons located on an aircraft?
a) On the inboard trailing edge of each wing
b) On the outboard trailing edge of each wing
c) On the vertical stabilizer
A
b) On the outboard trailing edge of each wing
21
Q
What happens when the pilot moves the control stick to the right?
a) The right aileron goes up, and the left aileron goes down
b) Both ailerons go up
c) The right aileron goes down, and the left aileron goes up
A
a) The right aileron goes up, and the left aileron goes down
22
Q
What happens to the ailerons during a left turn?
a) The left aileron goes down and the right one goes up.
b) The left aileron goes up and the right one goes down.
c) Both ailerons move upwards.
A
b) The left aileron goes up and the right one goes down.
23
Q
What is the relationship between the force acting on a control surface and airspeed?
a) The force is proportional to the airspeed.
b) The energy of the air is proportional to the square of the airspeed.
c) The force is inversely proportional to the airspeed.
A
b) The energy of the air is proportional to the square of the airspeed.
24
Q
What happens to the pressure felt on a control surface when the airspeed is doubled?
a) The pressure is doubled.
b) The pressure is quadrupled.
c) The pressure is halved.
A
b) The pressure is quadrupled.
25
Why can it be dangerous to move the ailerons at high speeds?
a) The control surface could become ineffective.
b) The force required to move the surface could exceed its structural load limit.
c) The aircraft might become uncontrollable.
b) The force required to move the surface could exceed its structural load limit.
26
Why are inboard and outboard ailerons used in larger aircraft?
a) To reduce fuel consumption during high-speed flight.
b) To provide maximum leverage at low speeds and prevent overloading at high speeds.
c) To improve visibility during takeoff and landing.
b) To provide maximum leverage at low speeds and prevent overloading at high speeds.
27
What happens to the outboard ailerons as aircraft speed increases?
a) They become more active for better control.
b) They are locked out.
c) They are adjusted for more lift.
b) They are locked out.
28
What takes over roll control at high speeds in aircraft with locked out outboard ailerons?
a) Elevators.
b) Roll spoilers and inboard ailerons.
c) Rudder.
b) Roll spoilers and inboard ailerons.
29
What do roll or flight spoilers do in an aircraft?
a) Increase lift on the wing with the upgoing aileron.
b) Supplement aileron control by reducing lift on the wing with the upgoing aileron.
c) Reduce the weight of the aircraft.
b) Supplement aileron control by reducing lift on the wing with the upgoing aileron.
30
What does the use of roll spoilers counteract?
a) Lift-induced drag that causes adverse yaw.
b) The weight of the aircraft during a turn.
c) The increase in fuel consumption during flight.
a) Lift-induced drag that causes adverse yaw.
31
What is the differential operation of flight spoilers linked to?
a) The rudder control system
b) The aileron control system
c) The elevator control system
b) The aileron control system
32
What do roll spoilers help to execute for high aircraft speeds?
a) A faster climb
b) An accurate turn
c) A smoother descent
b) An accurate turn
This reduces the need for large aileron deflection
33
Where are the elevators located on an aircraft?
a) On the wings
b) On the trailing edge of the vertical stabiliser
c) On the trailing edge of the horizontal stabiliser
c) On the trailing edge of the horizontal stabiliser
34
Why are elevators positioned far from the aircraft’s centre of gravity?
a) To reduce drag
b) To exert greater leverage
c) To improve roll control
b) To exert greater leverage
35
How do elevators move on an aircraft?
a) Independently of each other
b) Collectively, up or down at the same time
c) Only one moves depending on the turn
b) Collectively, up or down at the same time
36
What happens when the elevators are deflected up?
a) The aircraft rolls to the right
b) The aircraft pitches nose-up
c) The aircraft yaws to the left
b) The aircraft pitches nose-up
37
How does the aircraft respond when the control column is pulled rearwards?
a) The nose pitches up
b) The nose pitches down
c) The aircraft yaws to the right
a) The nose pitches up
38
What are stabilators sometimes referred to as?
a) Control wings
b) All-moving tail or slab tail
c) Rudder fins
b) All-moving tail or slab tail
39
Around which axis do stabilators rotate to affect pitch control?
a) Vertical axis
b) Lateral axis
c) Longitudinal axis
b) Lateral axis
40
What dual-purpose functions do stabilators combine?
a) Rudder and aileron
b) Elevator and horizontal stabilizer
c) Aileron and flap
b) Elevator and horizontal stabilizer
41
How does stabilator control differ from the more common elevator control movement?
a) Stabilators respond only to trim inputs.
b) Stabilators include the entire horizontal tail surface, unlike elevators that are paired with a fixed or trimmable stabilizer.
c) Stabilators control only yaw motion, unlike elevators.
b) Stabilators include the entire horizontal tail surface, unlike elevators that are paired with a fixed or trimmable stabilizer.
42
On light general aviation aircraft, stabilators are typically equipped with what feature?
a) Anti-balance tab
b) Trim tab
c) Pressure relief valve
a) Anti-balance tab
43
What issue do stabilators help mitigate on high-speed military combat aircraft during transonic flight?
a) Loss of control surface effectiveness due to shock wave formation
b) Increased drag at high speeds
c) Excessive fuel consumption
a) Loss of control surface effectiveness due to shock wave formation
44
Where are stabilators most commonly found, and what is their primary purpose?
a) On commercial airliners for stability at high altitudes
b) On high-speed military combat aircraft for enhanced and rapid maneuverability
c) On light general aviation aircraft for improved fuel efficiency
b) On high-speed military combat aircraft for enhanced and rapid maneuverability
45
What is another name for a variable incidence stabiliser?
a) Trimmable Horizontal Stabiliser (THS)
b) Adjustable Vertical Stabiliser (AVS)
c) Fixed Horizontal Stabiliser (FHS)
a) Trimmable Horizontal Stabiliser (THS)
46
What is the advantage of using a variable incidence stabiliser (THS)?
a) It increases the range of the aircraft
b) It reduces drag by reducing the need for elevator deflection
c) It improves the speed of the aircraft
b) It reduces drag by reducing the need for elevator deflection
47
What is a variable incidence stabiliser (Trimmable Horizontal Stabiliser) used for, and what is it?
a) It is only used for pitch trimming and has a limited range of movement.
b) It is only used for roll control and has a full range of movement.
c) It is only used for yaw control and has an unlimited range of movement.
a) It is only used for pitch trimming and has a limited range of movement.
48
What happens when the angle of attack of the Trimmable Horizontal Stabiliser (THS) is increased?
a) It causes a nose-up attitude.
b) It causes a nose-down attitude.
c) It has no effect on the aircraft's attitude.
b) It causes a nose-down attitude.
49
What does the trim movement of the Trimmable Horizontal Stabiliser (THS) account for during flight?
a) Changes in fuel efficiency.
b) Adjustments in passenger and freight distribution, fuel consumption, and flap and engine settings.
c) Adjustments in airflow and pressure distribution, fuel consumption, and flap and engine settings.
b) Adjustments in passenger and freight distribution, fuel consumption, and flap and engine settings.
50
How is the angle of incidence of the Trimmable Horizontal Stabiliser (THS) controlled?
a) By adjusting the elevator directly.
b) Via a screw jack mechanism operated with pitch trim wheels or electrical servo motors in the flight deck.
c) Through manual control of the vertical stabiliser which is controlled by ground crew when the planes lands.
b) Via a screw jack mechanism operated with pitch trim wheels or electrical servo motors.
51
What direction do you move the pitch trim wheels for a nose-up attitude?
a) Forward
b) Rearwards
c) Left
b) Rearwards
52
Where are the horizontal control surfaces of canards located compared to conventional aircraft?
a) At the rear of the aircraft attached to the horizontal stabiliser which is
b) At the center of the aircraft on the inboard part of the wing
c) At the front of the aircraft ahead of the main wings
c) At the front of the aircraft ahead of the main wings
53
What is the primary role of the canard in an aircraft's flight control system?
a) To enhance yaw control
b) To provide pitch control
c) To increase roll stability
b) To provide pitch control
54
How do canards contribute to the stability of an aircraft?
a) By creating a nose-up force
b) By providing a nose-down force
c) By reducing lift on the main wings
b) By providing a nose-down force
55
What is one way canards help prevent an aerodynamic stall?
a) By increasing lift on the main wings
b) By stalling first, causing a nose-down pitching moment
c) By reducing drag during a stall
b) By stalling first, causing a nose-down pitching moment
56
In what type of flight maneuvers are canards particularly beneficial?
a) Low-speed glides where it can stall
b) High angle of attack maneuvers
c) Steep descent profiles
b) High angle of attack maneuvers
57
How do canards improve the redundancy of the flight control system?
a) By acting as backup rudder control
b) By providing an additional control surface
c) By automatically stabilizing the aircraft
b) By providing an additional control surface
58
What role do canards play in an aircraft's lift and trim balance?
a) They reduce the overall lift generation
b) They contribute to lift generation and affect trim balance
c) They stabilize the aircraft at higher altitudes
b) They contribute to lift generation and affect trim balance
59
Where is the rudder located on an aircraft?
a) On the horizontal stabiliser
b) On the rear of the vertical stabiliser
c) On the trailing edge of the wing
b) On the rear of the vertical stabiliser
60
What motion does a left-deflected rudder cause?
a) Nose right motion
b) Nose left motion
c) Roll to the left
b) Nose left motion
61
How is the rudder controlled by the pilot?
a) By rotating the control yoke
b) Through the side-stick controller
c) With foot-operated rudder pedals
c) With foot-operated rudder pedals
62
What happens when the right rudder pedal is pushed?
a) The rudder deflects to the left
b) The aircraft's nose moves to the right
c) The aircraft rolls to the right
b) The aircraft's nose moves to the right
63
What does the rudder limiting system restrict with increasing airspeed?
a) Rudder pedal deflection
b) Rudder deflection
c) Rudder movement speed
b) Rudder deflection
64
What can happen if the rudder is excessively used at high speeds?
a) Increased lift
b) Structural failure of the vertical stabiliser
c) Decreased maneuverability
b) Structural failure of the vertical stabiliser
65
What happens to the pilot's rudder pedal deflection in aircraft with a rudder limiting system?
a) It is restricted to prevent overuse
b) It is not restricted, but the rudder deflection is limited
c) It does not respond at high speeds
b) It is not restricted, but the rudder deflection is limited
66
Why is the rudder's range of movement limited at high speeds?
a) To increase rudder responsiveness
b) To prevent the load limits of the rudder and surrounding structure from being exceeded
c) To maintain stability during low-speed flight
b) To prevent the load limits of the rudder and surrounding structure from being exceeded
67
What occurs during an aircraft roll that causes the aircraft to yaw in the direction of the roll?
a) The aircraft experiences side slip.
b) The aircraft's altitude increases.
c) The aircraft's rudder moves independently.
a) The aircraft experiences side slip.
68
What is the role of the rudder during a roll?
a) To make the turn better coordinated
b) To control the altitude
c) To increase drag and prevent the aircraft from stalling
a) To make the turn better coordinated
69
What happens during adverse yaw?
a) The aircraft yaws in the direction of the commanded roll.
b) The aircraft yaws in the opposite direction of the commanded roll.
c) The aircraft rolls smoothly without any yawing effect.
b) The aircraft yaws in the opposite direction of the commanded roll.
70
How is adverse yaw overcome in light aircraft?
a) By using a larger rudder surface
b) By using frise ailerons or differential ailerons
c) By using a higher wing angle of attack
b) By using frise ailerons or differential ailerons
71
What is the function of frise ailerons?
a) To reduce overall drag on the aircraft.
b) To balance lift-induced drag during a roll.
c) To increase lift on both wings simultaneously.
b) To balance lift-induced drag during a roll.
72
What happens when frise ailerons are deflected up?
a) The leading edge of the aileron protrudes into the airflow, increasing drag.
b) The leading edge of the aileron moves backwards to reduce drag.
c) The wing generates more lift on the deflected aileron side.
a) The leading edge of the aileron protrudes into the airflow, increasing drag.
73
What type of drag does the protruding leading edge of a frise aileron cause?
a) Induced drag
b) Profile drag
c) Parasite drag
b) Profile drag
74
What two types of drag are balanced when the leading edge of the frise aileron protrudes into the airflow?
a) Lift-induced drag and profile drag
b) Parasite drag and induced drag
c) Skin friction drag and lift-induced drag
a) Lift-induced drag and profile drag
75
What does the aileron-rudder interconnect system help to overcome?
a) Adverse yaw
b) Adverse roll
c) Profile drag
b) Adverse roll
76
What is the oscillation caused by instability in yaw and roll known as?
a) Spiral dive
b) Dutch roll
c) Wing rock
b) Dutch roll
77
What is used to correct uncommanded rudder oscillations in aircraft?
a) Aileron-rudder interconnect system
b) Yaw damping system
c) Elevators
b) Yaw damping system
78
What does differential ailerons help to counteract?
a) Lift-induced drag
b) Adverse yaw
c) Profile drag
b) Adverse yaw
79
What does an aileron-rudder interconnect system help to overcome?
a) Adverse yaw
b) Adverse roll
c) Lift imbalance
b) Adverse roll
80
What two functions are combined in elevons?
A) Rudder and elevator
B) Aileron and elevator
C) Elevator and flap
B) Aileron and elevator
81
What are ruddervators a combination of?
A) Rudder and elevator
B) Rudder and aileron
C) Aileron and elevator
A) Rudder and elevator
82
What control surface is commonly found on delta-wing aircraft?
A) Flaperons
B) Elevons
C) Ruddervators
B) Elevons
83
How do elevons move in response to a pitch input?
A) Opposite directions
B) One stays still
C) Collectively up or down
C) Collectively up or down
84
What type of aircraft typically uses ruddervators?
A) Canard-wing aircraft
B) V-tailed aircraft
C) Biplanes
B) V-tailed aircraft
85
What is the main function of a slot on a wing?
A) To directly increase lift
B) To re-energise the boundary layer and delay stall
C) To reduce drag during cruise
B) To re-energise the boundary layer and delay stall
86
How are slats different from slots?
A) Slats are movable
B) Slats reduce lift
C) Slats are only on flaps
A) Slats are movable
87
What is one disadvantage of slots?
A) They always reduce lift
B) They create significant drag
C) They can only be used at low altitudes
B) They create significant drag
88
Why do slats help increase lift?
A) They increase wing camber
B) They increase drag
C) They decrease angle of attack
A) They increase wing camber
89
What aerodynamic benefit do slats and slots both provide?
A) Earlier stall
B) Boundary layer separation
C) Delayed stall
C) Delayed stall
90
What is the primary purpose of flaps on an aircraft?
A) To increase speed
B) To increase lift during low speeds like take-off and landing
C) To decrease drag during high speeds
B) To increase lift during low speeds like take-off and landing
91
What happens when flaps are deployed on an aircraft?
A) The wing center of pressure moves forward, causing a nose-up pitch
B) The wing center of pressure moves rearwards, causing a nose-down pitch
C) The surface area of the wing decreases
B) The wing center of pressure moves rearwards, causing a nose-down pitch
92
What is the main characteristic of a plain flap?
A) Increases lift
B) Alters the underwing profile to increase camber
C) Creates a significant nose-down pitching moment
A) Increases lift
93
What does the split flap design do when deployed?
A) Increases the camber without changing the surface area
B) Increases both the surface area and camber
C) Decreases drag without affecting lift
A) Increases the camber without changing the surface area
94
What is a unique feature of the slotted flap?
A) It creates a gap that helps prevent airflow separation
B) It increases drag significantly compared to other flaps
C) It changes the shape of the top surface of the wing
A) It creates a gap that helps prevent airflow separation
95
What is the advantage of the triple slotted flap?
A) It maximizes airflow and increases lift
B) It reduces drag without increasing lift
C) It increases the wing's surface area significantly
A) It maximizes airflow and increases lift
96
What does the Fowler flap primarily do when deployed?
A) Increases the chord and camber of the wing
B) Increases only the camber of the wing
C) Decreases the surface area of the wing
A) Increases the chord and camber of the wing
97
How does the slotted Fowler flap help reduce drag?
A) By increasing the wing area and camber with the lowest drag penalty
B) By increasing drag while enhancing lift
C) By maintaining the wing's original surface area
A) By increasing the wing area and camber with the lowest drag penalty
98
What advantage do slotted flaps offer over other flap designs?
A) They increase drag significantly without affecting lift
B) They delay flow separation and allow for higher maximum lift
C) They only change the camber without altering airflow
B) They delay flow separation and allow for higher maximum lift
99
What is the main advantage of a slotted Fowler flap?
A) It increases the surface area and camber of the wing with the lowest drag penalty
B) It creates more drag than other flap designs
C) It reduces the chord length of the wing
A) It increases the surface area and camber of the wing with the lowest drag penalty
100
How do leading edge flaps contribute to the wing's performance?
A) They increase drag at low speeds
B) They increase camber and lift when used with trailing edge flaps
C) They reduce the overall surface area of the wing
B) They increase camber and lift when used with trailing edge flaps
101
What happens when leading edge flaps are stowed?
A) They retract into the leading edge of the wing
B) They extend outwards from the leading edge
C) They change the shape of the wing’s trailing edge
A) They retract into the leading edge of the wing
102
What is the main function of a leading edge droop?
A) To increase the wing’s camber and reduce stalling speeds
B) To reduce drag during takeoff
C) To decrease the lift at high angles of attack
A) To increase the wing’s camber and reduce stalling speeds
103
How does the leading edge droop operate when deployed?
A) The entire leading edge section rotates downwards
B) Only the rear section of the wing is lowered
C) The entire wing moves upwards to increase airflow
A) The entire leading edge section rotates downwards
104
How do Krueger flaps differ from slats and drooped leading edges?
A) They rotate out from under the wing, increasing camber
B) They are mounted on the trailing edge of the wing
C) They are used to reduce drag during high speeds
A) They rotate out from under the wing, increasing camber
105
What aerodynamic effect do Krueger flaps produce when deployed?
A) They increase the maximum coefficient of lift and reduce stalling speeds
B) They reduce the surface area of the wing
C) They improve high-speed maneuverability
A) They increase the maximum coefficient of lift and reduce stalling speeds
106
What is the primary function of flaperons?
A) To provide both flap and aileron control in one surface
B) To reduce drag during cruise
C) To increase lift during high-speed flight
A) To provide both flap and aileron control in one surface
107
What is the primary role of flight spoilers on an aircraft?
A) To reduce drag without affecting lift
B) To increase drag and assist in descent control
C) To provide extra roll control by acting as ailerons
B) To increase drag and assist in descent control
108
What happens when ground spoilers are deployed during landing?
A) They increase the aircraft’s lift
B) They help increase the effectiveness of wheel brakes by dumping lift
C) They reduce drag by lowering the wing's angle of attack
B) They help increase the effectiveness of wheel brakes by dumping lift
109
What is the main difference between spoilers and speed brakes?
A) Speed brakes increase drag but don’t affect lift, while spoilers decrease lift
B) Speed brakes decrease drag, while spoilers increase it
C) Speed brakes operate only on the wings, while spoilers operate on the fuselage
A) Speed brakes increase drag but don’t affect lift, while spoilers decrease lift
110
Where are speed brakes typically located on aircraft?
A) On the top surface of the wings
B) On the tail cone or fuselage
C) On the engine nacelles
A) On the top surface of the wings
111
What do roll spoilers help to reduce during high-speed flight?
A) Adverse yaw
B) Drag
C) Stalling speed
A) Adverse yaw
112
How do roll spoilers assist with aircraft coordination during turns?
A) By generating lift on the lowering wing
B) By increasing the drag on the lowering wing, keeping the turn coordinated
C) By changing the wing shape during the turn
B) By increasing the drag on the lowering wing, keeping the turn coordinated
113
How do wing fences help in reducing the risk of wingtip stall on swept-wing aircraft?
A) By increasing the flow of air towards the wingtip
B) By limiting the spanwise airflow and redirecting it along the chord
C) By decreasing the boundary layer thickness at the wingtip
B) By limiting the spanwise airflow and redirecting it along the chord
114
What is the primary function of a saw tooth (dog-tooth) leading edge on a swept-wing aircraft?
A) To increase drag for better control during high speeds
B) To create a vortex that redirects spanwise flow and delays wingtip stall
C) To improve lift by smoothing airflow towards the wingtip
B) To create a vortex that redirects spanwise flow and delays wingtip stall
115
What can happen if the boundary layer at the wing tip separates in a swept-wing aircraft?
A) The aircraft becomes more stable and easier to control
B) The stall could affect the ailerons, compromising lateral control
C) The aircraft experiences a dramatic increase in speed
B) The stall could affect the ailerons, compromising lateral control
116
What is the primary function of vortex generators on an aircraft wing?
A) To increase the wing's surface area
B) To re-energise a slow-moving boundary layer by mixing high-energy air with low-energy air
C) To create drag, enhancing the aircraft’s lift-to-drag ratio
B) To re-energise a slow-moving boundary layer by mixing high-energy air with low-energy air
117
What is the purpose of a stall wedge on a wing?
A) To prevent the wing from stalling at all speeds
B) To encourage the root of the wing to stall before the tip, ensuring a progressive stall
C) To reduce drag by smoothing airflow over the entire wing
B) To encourage the root of the wing to stall before the tip, ensuring a progressive stall
118
What is the purpose of a trim tab on an aircraft's control surface?
A) To increase the control surface’s range of movement
B) To compensate for aircraft imbalance and reduce pilot effort in maintaining a steady flight attitude
C) To create additional drag for stability during flight
B) To compensate for aircraft imbalance and reduce pilot effort in maintaining a steady flight
119
How does a balance tab assist the pilot with large control surfaces at high speeds?
A) By increasing the size of the control surface to improve efficiency
B) By moving in the opposite direction of the control surface to reduce the force needed to move the control surface
C) By creating extra drag to stabilize the aircraft
B) By moving in the opposite direction of the control surface to reduce the force needed to move the control surface
120
What is the purpose of an anti-balance tab on an aircraft’s control surface?
A) To assist in reducing the effort needed to control the surface
B) To increase the sensitivity of the control surface and provide more "feel" for the pilot
C) To make the control surface move faster
B) To increase the sensitivity of the control surface and provide more "feel" for the pilot
121
In what direction does the trim tab move in relation to the control surface?
A) In the same direction as the control surface
B) In the opposite direction to the control surface
C) It does not move
B) In the opposite direction to the control surface
122
How does the balance tab move in relation to the control surface?
A) In the same direction as the control surface
B) In the opposite direction to the control surface
C) It does not move
B) In the opposite direction to the control surface
123
In what direction does the anti-balance tab move in relation to the control surface?
A) In the same direction as the control surface
B) In the opposite direction to the control surface
C) It does not move
A) In the same direction as the control surface
124
How does a servo tab move in relation to the flight control surface?
A) In the same direction as the flight control surface
B) In the opposite direction to the flight control surface
C) It does not move
B) In the opposite direction to the flight control surface
125
What is the primary function of a servo tab on larger aircraft?
A) To directly control the movement of the flight control surface
B) To reduce the force required to move a large flight control surface
C) To adjust the trim of the aircraft
B) To reduce the force required to move a large flight control surface
126
When does a spring tab become active during flight?
A) When the aircraft is at low speeds
B) When the force on the flight control surface becomes too high for the pilot to move
C) Only during takeoff and landing
B) When the force on the flight control surface becomes too high for the pilot to move
127
In what direction does a spring tab move in relation to the control surface?
A) In the same direction as the control surface
B) In the opposite direction to the control surface
C) It does not move
B) In the opposite direction to the control surface
128
What is the main purpose of mass balancing a control surface?
A) To prevent aircraft yaw
B) To prevent flutter by ensuring the CG is at or ahead of the hinge line
C) To increase lift on the control surface
B) To prevent flutter by ensuring the CG is at or ahead of the hinge line
129
What is the result of having the Centre of Gravity (CG) of a control surface aft of the hinge line?
A) The control surface becomes more stable
B) The control surface will cause a flutter due to inertia
C) The aircraft will maintain smoother control
B) The control surface will cause a flutter due to inertia
130
How does torsional aileron flutter occur?
A) By excessive lift being applied to the aileron
B) Through the aileron lagging behind the wing flexure
C) Due to the wing twisting and causing a cyclic reaction in the aileron
C) Due to the wing twisting and causing a cyclic reaction in the aileron
131
How can torsional aileron flutter be prevented?
A) By using irreversible controls
B) By ensuring the CG is located slightly ahead of the hinge line
C) By increasing the control surface area
B) By ensuring the CG is located slightly ahead of the hinge line
132
What is the role of aerodynamic balance in aircraft control surfaces?
A) To make control surfaces heavier for smoother movement
B) To reduce the effort needed to deflect the control surfaces
C) To increase the lift generated by the control surfaces
B) To reduce the effort needed to deflect the control surfaces
133
How does a horn balance assist in the deflection of a control surface?
A) It moves forward of the hinge line during deflection, aiding the movement
B) It moves backward of the hinge line, increasing control surface resistance
C) It operates to increase the surface area of the control surface
A) It moves forward of the hinge line during deflection, aiding the movement
134
What is the purpose of control surface bias in aircraft flight?
A) To make the control surfaces neutral during all flight conditions
B) To create a pre-set deflection in the control surfaces that compensates for flight forces without constant pilot input
C) To reduce aerodynamic drag on control surfaces
B) To create a pre-set deflection in the control surfaces that compensates for flight forces without constant pilot input
135
What is typically adjusted to create control surface bias in an aircraft?
A) The wing tip angles
B) The elevator trim tabs
C) The aileron roll rates
B) The elevator trim tabs
