11.14 Lights

Question 1

What is the primary method by which light is produced in incandescent lamps?

A) By passing a low current through a semiconductor
B) Through chemical reactions that release photons
C) By passing a high current through a conductor, causing thermal radiation

Answer 1

C) By passing a high current through a conductor, causing thermal radiation

Question 2

How does the temperature of a conductor affect the light produced in incandescent lamps?

A) Higher temperature reduces the amount of radiation emitted
B) Greater temperature results in higher radiation
C) Temperature has no impact on radiation

Answer 2

B) Greater temperature results in higher radiation

Question 3

What does luminous flux, measured in lumens, represent?

A) The power consumed by a light source in watts
B) The intensity of light in a specific direction
C) The amount of light radiated by a light source per second

Answer 3

C) The amount of light radiated by a light source per second

Question 4

Why are inert gases like nitrogen and argon used in incandescent lamps?

A) To increase luminous flux
B) To reduce tungsten sublimation and extend the filament’s lifespan
C) To enhance the thickness of the filament

Answer 4

B) To reduce tungsten sublimation and extend the filament’s lifespan

Question 5

What is the advantage of low-rated voltage lamps in aircraft lighting?

A) They consume less power overall.
B) They produce greater light intensity for the same power consumption.
C) They eliminate the need for inert gases like argon

Answer 5

B) They produce greater light intensity for the same power consumption.

Question 6

What is the role of halogen gases in halogen bulbs?

A) To enhance brightness by reacting with the filament
B) To prevent “lost atoms” from being deposited on the bulb surface
C) To reduce energy consumption of the bulb

Answer 6

B) To prevent “lost atoms” from being deposited on the bulb surface

Question 7

What precaution is taken when replacing halogen bulbs to avoid contamination?

A) Bulbs are fitted with a protective metal sleeve during handling.
B) Bulbs are handled only with special gloves.
C) Bulbs are supplied with a protective sleeve over the glass to prevent deposits.

Answer 7

C) Bulbs are supplied with a protective sleeve over the glass to prevent deposits.

Question 8

What happens if a halogen bulb is touched with bare hands when cool?
A) The bulb becomes immediately hot.
B) Grease and salts from the skin deposit on the bulb and weaken the glass when baked during operation.
C) The bulb shatters instantly.

Answer 8

B) Grease and salts from the skin deposit on the bulb and weaken the glass when baked during operation.

This shorten the life

Question 9

What is the typical flashing frequency range for strobe lights used as anti-collision or beacon lights on aircraft?
A) 10 to 30 cycles per minute
B) 40 to 100 cycles per minute
C) 120 to 150 cycles per minute

Answer 9

B) 40 to 100 cycles per minute

Question 10

What determines the wavelength and colour of light emitted by an LED?

A) The voltage supplied
B) The material of the LED
C) The shape of the LED

Answer 10

B) The material of the LED

Question 11

What is a disadvantage of LEDs in aircraft?
A) High power consumption
B) Reduced mass
C) Reduced service life at temperatures above 80 °C

Answer 11

C) Reduced service life at temperatures above 80 °C

Question 12

Why are LEDs becoming more prevalent in aircraft design?
A) They are less resilient to vibration and knocks
B) They require complex aircraft modifications
C) They offer reduced mass, lower power consumption, and longer lifespan

Answer 12

C) They offer reduced mass, lower power consumption, and longer lifespan

Question 13

Where is lighting typically provided on an aircraft, and how is it categorized?
A) Only in the cockpit
B) Only in the cabin
C) External and Internal

Answer 13

C) External and Internal

Question 14

What is the purpose of aircraft external lighting?
A) To illuminate the cabin for passengers
B) To allow visibility of the aircraft from the outside and assist crew operations
C) To enhance entertainment systems

Answer 14

B) To allow visibility of the aircraft from the outside and assist crew operations

Question 15

What are some examples of external lighting on an aircraft?
A) Cabin lights and passenger reading lights
B) Overhead bin lights and emergency exit lights
C) Navigation lights, anti-collision lights, and landing lights

Answer 15

C) Navigation lights, anti-collision lights, and landing lights

Question 16

What is the purpose of navigation lights on an aircraft?
A) To mark an aircraft’s position and give an indication of its orientation
B) To illuminate the cabin interior
C) To signal passenger boarding

Answer 16

A) To mark an aircraft’s position and give an indication of its orientation

Question 17

Which color navigation light is visible from directly ahead to 110° on the left side of the aircraft?
A) Green
B) Red
C) White

Answer 17

B) Red

Question 18

Which color navigation light is visible from directly ahead to 110° on the right side of the aircraft?
A) Red
B) Green
C) White

Answer 18

B) Green

Question 19

Which color navigation light is visible from directly behind the aircraft, covering 70° left and right?
A) Red
B) Green
C) White

Answer 19

C) White

Question 20

Where is the red navigation light located on an aircraft?
A) Right/Starboard wing tip
B) Left/Port wing tip
C) On the aircraft tail

Answer 20

B) Left/Port wing tip

Question 21

Where is the green navigation light located on an aircraft?
A) Right/Starboard wing tip
B) Left/Port wing tip
C) On the aircraft tail

Answer 21

A) Right/Starboard wing tip

Question 22

Where can the white navigation light be installed on some aircraft types?
A) On the leading edge of the wings
B) On the main wing trailing edges or the aircraft tail
C) On the fuselage nose

Answer 22

B) On the main wing trailing edges or the aircraft tail

Question 23

Where is the red navigation light located on an aircraft?
A) Right/Starboard wing tip
B) Left/Port wing tip
C) On the aircraft tail

Answer 23

B) Left/Port wing tip

Question 24

Where is the green navigation light located on an aircraft?
A) Right/Starboard wing tip
B) Left/Port wing tip
C) On the aircraft tail

Answer 24

A) Right/Starboard wing tip

Question 25

Where can the white navigation light be installed on some aircraft types? A) On the leading edge of the wings B) On the main wing trailing edges or the aircraft tail C) On the fuselage nose

Answer 25

B) On the main wing trailing edges or the aircraft tail

Question 26

What is the primary purpose of anti-collision lights? A) To illuminate the runway for taxiing. B) To attract attention and enhance the visibility of an aircraft's presence. C) To provide interior lighting for passengers

Answer 26

B) To attract attention and enhance the visibility of an aircraft's presence.

Question 27

Where are anti-collision lights typically fitted on an aircraft? A) On the landing gear and tail section. B) On the upper and lower fuselage and/or wing tips. C) Near the cockpit windows.

Answer 27

B) On the upper and lower fuselage and/or wing tips.

Question 28

What are the two basic types of anti-collision lights? A) LED lights and halogen lights. B) Rotating beam and flashing lights. C) Strobe lights and fluorescent lights

Answer 28

B) Rotating beam and flashing lights.

Question 29

How does a rotating beam lighting unit create a flashing effect? A) By intermittently turning the light on and off. B) By rotating a reflector or the entire lamp unit to direct a steady beam into a flashing effect. C) By varying the voltage supply to the lamp.

Answer 29

B) By rotating a reflector or the entire lamp unit to direct a steady beam into a flashing effect.

Question 30

What is the typical rotational speed of a rotating beam lighting unit? A) 20 ‑ 25 RPM. B) 40 ‑ 45 RPM. C) 60 ‑ 70 RPM.

Answer 30

B) 40 ‑ 45 RPM.

Question 31

What power sources are commonly used to operate rotating beam lighting units? A) 12 Vdc with a DC-motor. B) 28 Vdc with a DC-motor or 28 Vac with a 115 Vac-motor. C) 50 Vdc with a high-frequency generator.

Answer 31

B) 28 Vdc with a DC-motor or 28 Vac with a 115 Vac-motor.

Question 32

What is the typical lighting frequency of a rotating beam lighting unit? A) 40 ‑ 50 flashes per minute. B) 80 ‑ 90 flashes per minute. C) 100 ‑ 120 flashes per minute.

Answer 32

B) 80 ‑ 90 flashes per minute.

Question 33

How does the rotating reflector type beacon create a flashing effect? A) By turning the bulb on and off rapidly. B) By rotating the reflector past the bulb to create the appearance of flashing. C) By using a strobe light mechanism.

Answer 33

B) By rotating the reflector past the bulb to create the appearance of flashing.

Question 34

What is the typical flash rate of a Grimes 28 Vdc rotating reflector beacon? A) 30 flashes per minute. B) 60 flashes per minute. C) 90 flashes per minute.

Answer 34

B) 60 flashes per minute.

Question 35

What voltage varieties are available for rotating reflector type beacons? A) 12 Vdc and 28 Vdc. B) 28 Vdc and 115 Vac. C) 28 Vac and 115 Vdc.

Answer 35

B) 28 Vdc and 115 Vac.

Question 36

What is the typical flashing frequency of strobe light units? A) 40-50 flashes per minute. B) 60-70 flashes per minute. C) 80-90 flashes per minute.

Answer 36

B) 60-70 flashes per minute.

Question 37

What component is used in strobe light units to provide high-intensity flashes? A) A rotating motor. B) A set of capacitors. C) An incandescent filament.

Answer 37

B) A set of capacitors.

Question 38

In what direction are landing lights typically oriented on an aircraft? A) Sideways to illuminate the wings. B) Downward to light up the ground beneath the aircraft. C) Forward to illuminate the pilot’s field of vision.

Answer 38

C) Forward to illuminate the pilot’s field of vision.

Question 39

Where are landing lights commonly positioned on an aircraft? A) Wing trailing edges, cockpit roof, and undercarriage bay. B) Wing leading edges, undercarriage legs, and flap track fairings. C) Tail section, fuselage top, and cargo bay.

Answer 39

B) Wing leading edges, undercarriage legs, and flap track fairings.

Question 40

What kind of light beam do landing lights provide and what is their typical power rating? A) A wide, dim beam; approximately 100 W power rating B) A very intense, narrow beam of white light; around 600 W power rating C) A flashing colored beam; about 200 W power rating

Answer 40

B) A very intense, narrow beam of white light; around 600 W power rating

Question 41

What are the typical power supplies for landing lights? A) 28 Vac or DC B) 115 Vac only C) Battery power only

Answer 41

A) 28 Vac or DC

Question 42

What is the typical power rating of taxi and turn-off lights? A) 600 W B) 100 W C) 250 W

Answer 42

C) 250 W

Question 43

What is the purpose of ice inspection lights on an aircraft? A) To provide cabin lighting B) To illuminate the leading edge of the wing and engine intake for ice inspection C) To assist with landing in poor visibility

Answer 43

B) To illuminate the leading edge of the wing and engine intake for ice inspection

Question 44

Where are ice inspection lights usually mounted on an aircraft? A) On the wing tips B) On the side of the fuselage in a flush mounting C) On the tail

Answer 44

B) On the side of the fuselage in a flush mounting

Question 45

What is the purpose of logo lights on an aircraft? A) To light up the cockpit instruments B) To illuminate the vertical stabiliser and display the airline's logo for identification and promotion C) To provide extra lighting for passengers during boarding

Answer 45

B) To illuminate the vertical stabiliser and display the airline's logo for identification and promotion

Question 46

How must instrument lights be installed in relation to the pilot’s eyes? A) So their direct rays shine into the pilot’s eyes B) Such that their direct rays are shielded from the pilot’s eyes C) At any angle without restrictions

Answer 46

B) Such that their direct rays are shielded from the pilot’s eyes

Question 47

What must be avoided regarding reflections from instrument lights? A) No reflections at all B) Only colored reflections C) No objectionable reflections visible to the pilot

Answer 47

C) No objectionable reflections visible to the pilot

Question 48

What are "integral lights" in cockpit instrument lighting? A) Lights external to the instrument B) Lights that are part of the instrument and switch on when the instrument is powered C) Floodlights that illuminate the entire cockpit

Answer 48

B) Lights that are part of the instrument and switch on when the instrument is powered

Question 49

What is the purpose of the storm lighting system in some cockpits? A) To dim all lights for better night vision B) To override the dim function and bring all lights to full brightness during thunderstorms C) To switch off all lighting to save power

Answer 49

B) To override the dim function and bring all lights to full brightness during thunderstorms

Question 50

What types of lighting have largely replaced fluorescent and incandescent lamps in cockpits? A) Halogen lamps B) LED lights C) Neon lamps

Answer 50

B) LED lights

Question 51

What colors of light do map reading lights produce? A) Blue or green B) White or red C) Yellow or orange

Answer 51

B) White or red

Question 52

What is one purpose of the glare shield on an aircraft? A) To increase the brightness of the cockpit lights B) To stop natural light from ‘whiting out’ the instruments on sunny days C) To provide heating for the instrument panel

Answer 52

B) To stop natural light from ‘whiting out’ the instruments on sunny days

Question 53

What color are indicators for ‘Alert’ signals that demand instant action? A) Amber B) Red C) Blue

Answer 53

B) Red

Question 54

What color represents ‘Caution’ signals that require less urgent action? A) Amber B) Green C) White

Answer 54

A) Amber

Question 56

Which colors are used for ‘Advisory’ indications? A) Red and amber B) White, blue, and green C) Yellow and orange

Answer 56

B) White, blue, and green

Question 57

Which alarm category has the highest priority in a digital alert system? A) CAUTION (Yellow) B) WARNING (Red) C) ADVISORY

Answer 57

B) WARNING (Red)

Question 58

Where is the master caution system typically installed in the cockpit? A) Near the throttle B) At the pilot’s eye level C) On the overhead panel

Answer 58

B) At the pilot’s eye level

Question 59

How can the pilot cancel the master caution light? A) By switching off the aircraft B) By pressing on the light cap C) By using the main power switch

Answer 59

B) By pressing on the light cap

Question 60

What type of lighting is used in the next generation of passenger aircraft? A) Fluorescent lights B) Incandescent lights C) LEDs with changeable and dimmable colour schemes

Answer 60

C) LEDs with changeable and dimmable colour schemes

Question 61

Where is the general cabin lighting typically controlled? A) At the cockpit control panel B) At the purser’s panel C) Through individual passenger controls

Answer 61

B) At the purser’s panel

Question 62

How are "No Smoking" and "Fasten Seat Belts" signs positioned in the cabin? A) Adjacent to each seat B) At least one of each sign is always visible to each passenger C) Only in the lavatories and galley areas

Answer 62

B) At least one of each sign is always visible to each passenger

Question 63

How is the "Lavatory Occupied" sign operated? A) Manually by a cabin crew switch B) Automatically by the lavatory door lock switch C) By a pressure sensor in the lavatory

Answer 63

B) Automatically by the lavatory door lock switch

Question 64

What is the standard power source for cargo bay lighting systems in aircraft? A) 115 Vac from the auxiliary power unit B) 28 Vdc from the aircraft's main DC supply C) 12 Vdc from backup batteries

Answer 64

B) 28 Vdc from the aircraft's main DC supply

Question 65

What safety feature ensures cargo lights do not overheat or damage baggage? A) Lights are only operational in flight B) Cargo lights are covered by lenses made of tempered glass or durable material C) Lights are mounted in the cargo bay floor

Answer 65

B) Cargo lights are covered by lenses made of tempered glass or durable material

Question 66

What is the primary purpose of emergency lighting in aircraft? A) To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the cabin B) To assist passengers and crew in identifying safety equipment and exit routes during an emergency C) To ensure regular operation of cabin lights during turbulence

Answer 66

B) To assist passengers and crew in identifying safety equipment and exit routes during an emergency

Question 67

What happens to the emergency lighting system when the power supply fails? A) The system must be turned on manually by cabin crew B) The lights automatically turn on C) The lights remain off until the flight deck reactivates them

Answer 67

B) The lights automatically turn on

Question 68

Where does emergency lighting provide illumination in an aircraft during an evacuation? A) Only in the cockpit and lavatories B) In the aisles, to identify exits, and outside the airplane at the slides C) At passenger seats and overhead compartments

Answer 68

B) In the aisles, to identify exits, and outside the airplane at the slides

Question 69

What are the three positions of the emergency lighting control switch? A) OFF, DIM, ON B) OFF, ON, ARMED C) OFF, AUTO, BRIGHT

Answer 69

B) OFF, ON, ARMED

Question 70

Why must tritium-based emergency signs be handled carefully if damaged? A) They may cause electric shocks B) They contain radioactive material and require special disposal procedures C) They will stop working immediately

Answer 70

B) They contain radioactive material and require special disposal procedures