11.12 Ice And Rain Protection Flashcards by John Watts

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What are the three most common types of ice encountered during flight?
A. Black ice, dry ice, wet ice
B. Clear ice, Rime ice, Mixed ice
C. Freezing fog, Sleet ice, Glaze ice

B. Clear ice, Rime ice, Mixed ice

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What is Clear Ice?
A. Light and fluffy, easy to remove
B. Soft and frosted, builds gradually
C. Hard, smooth, and transparent ice that adheres firmly to surfaces

C. Hard, smooth, and transparent ice that adheres firmly to surfaces

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Which type of ice forms when small, supercooled water droplets freeze immediately on impact?
A. Clear Ice
B. Mixed Ice
C. Rime Ice

C. Rime Ice

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What is Mixed Ice?
A. A combination of clear ice and hail
B. A mix of wet snow and frost
C. A blend of clear and rime ice, forming rough shapes

C. A blend of clear and rime ice, forming rough shapes

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Which of the following are dangers of ice accumulation?
A. False instrument readings, engine damage, loss of lift
B. Increased lift, better cooling, reduced stall speed
C. Faster climb, decreased drag, fuel efficiency

A. False instrument readings, engine damage, loss of lift

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How does ice affect climb performance?
A. Reduces drag, increases speed
B. Improves propeller efficiency
C. Reduces lift, increases drag, adds weight

C. Reduces lift, increases drag, adds weight

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Which of the following are ice detectors?
A. Hot rod, pressure, vibrating probe
B. Laser thermometer, deicing boots, radar sensor
C. Carbon sensor, tilt detector, oil pressure switch

A. Hot rod, pressure, vibrating probe

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What is a visual ice indicator?
A. A light on the tail
B. A post between windshields showing ice accumulation
C. A paint mark on the wing

B. A post between windshields showing ice accumulation

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What do wing inspection lights do?
A. Heat the wing surface
B. Illuminate the wings so pilots can see ice
C. Measure wing angle

B. Illuminate the wings so pilots can see ice

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How does the pressure-operated ice detector work?
A. It detects humidity
B. Ice blocks holes, triggering a pressure drop and warning
C. It reads electrical conductivity

B. Ice blocks holes, triggering a pressure drop and warning

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How does the hot rod detector show icing?
A. An LED light changes color
B. A small fan activates
C. Ice builds up visually on a heated rod

C. Ice builds up visually on a heated rod

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How does the rotary ice detector work?
A. Pressure tubes rotate
B. Ice buildup increases motor torque, triggering a warning
C. Vibration alerts the pilot

B. Ice buildup increases motor torque, triggering a warning

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What principle does the vibrating probe detector use?
A. Temperature difference
B. Resonance frequency shift
C. Light reflection

B. Resonance frequency shift

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What frequency does a vibrating probe resonate at?
A. 5 kHz
B. 40kHz
C. 20 kHz

B. 40kHz

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What does the element ice sensing unit detect?
A. Only ice particles
B. Icing conditions (moisture + freezing temps)
C. Ice after it has formed

B. Icing conditions (moisture + freezing temps)

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How does the beta particle ice detection detect ice?
A. Sound waves bounce off ice
B. Ice blocks beta particles from reaching a detector
C. A camera detects visual changes

B. Ice blocks beta particles from reaching a detector

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What are the three types of ice detector certification?
A. Primary Automatic, Primary Manual, Advisory
B. Visual, Thermal, Electrical
C. Red, Yellow, Green

A. Primary Automatic, Primary Manual, Advisory

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What does a Primary Automatic system do?
A. Sends a signal to a ground station
B. Activates anti-ice systems automatically
C. Tells the crew to watch ice buildup

B. Activates anti-ice systems automatically

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What does a Primary Manual system do?
A. The system activates on a timer
B. It shuts off if no ice is found
C. It alerts the crew, who must manually turn on ice protection

C. It alerts the crew, who must manually turn on ice protection

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What is the main difference between anti-icing and de-icing systems?
A. Anti-icing removes ice after it forms; de-icing prevents it
B. Anti-icing prevents ice formation; de-icing removes ice already formed
C. Both perform the same function but use different fluids

B. Anti-icing prevents ice formation; de-icing removes ice already formed

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What are the three main methods to anti-ice a surface?
A. Chemical application, airflow disruption, and UV exposure
B. Electrical heating, hydraulic scrubbing, and insulation
C. Keeping the surface dry, heating to evaporate, or heating just above freezing

C. Keeping the surface dry, heating to evaporate, or heating just above freezing

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What is the most common anti-icing method for large surfaces on turbine aircraft?
A. Chemical application
B. Thermal electric systems
C. Thermal pneumatic using engine bleed air

C. Thermal pneumatic using engine bleed air

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How does thermal pneumatic anti-ice work on aerofoil leading edges?
A. Chemical mist is applied from slats
B. Warm air flows through piccolo tubes and exits through holes
C. Electrical coils are embedded in the leading edge

B. Warm air flows through piccolo tubes and exits through holes

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What is the function of the WAI valve in a thermal pneumatic system? A. To drain excess fluid from the ducts B. To monitor airspeed before activation C. To control the flow of bleed air from the pneumatic system to the WAI ducts

C. To control the flow of bleed air from the pneumatic system to the WAI ducts

Where is thermal pneumatic wing anti-ice typically applied on wings with slats? A. Entire upper wing surface B. Trailing edge only C. Leading edge slats only

C. Leading edge slats only

What feature allows WAI ducts to handle temperature variation without damage? A. Cooling vents B. Stainless steel expansion bellows C. Retractable vanes

B. Stainless steel expansion bellows

When is the WAI system’s auto mode operation inhibited? A. Auto slat not deployed B. Total Air Temperature below -10°C C. Auto mode selected, take-off mode selected, aircraft airborne less than 10 minutes

C. Auto mode selected, take-off mode selected, aircraft airborne less than 10 minutes

Which of the following is a condition that inhibits WAI operation when ‘auto’ or ‘on’ is selected? A. Engine at idle B. ADP (Air-Driven Pump) in operation C. Fuel tank at 50%

B. ADP (Air-Driven Pump) in operation

What is the purpose of engine anti-ice systems? A. To increase engine thrust B. To remove dust from the intake C. To prevent ice from forming on the engine inlet cowl

C. To prevent ice from forming on the engine inlet cowl

When is engine anti-ice typically activated on certain aircraft? A. Only after the wing anti-ice system is operating B. After 10 minutes in icing conditions C. Automatically before wing anti-ice when probe heat begins cycling

C. Automatically before wing anti-ice when probe heat begins cycling

How is warm air delivered in the EAI system? A. Using external heaters B. Bleed air ducted to the inlet cowl, exiting through overboard vents C. Propeller backwash redirected via vanes

B. Bleed air ducted to the inlet cowl, exiting through overboard vents

What is embedded within aircraft windshields for anti-ice protection? A. Tiny fans B. Chemical mist layers C. Electric heating elements inside the glass laminates

C. Electric heating elements inside the glass laminates

What are the typical heat levels provided by windshield anti-ice systems? A. MAX and MIN B. HEAT and COOL C. NORMAL and HIGH

C. NORMAL and HIGH

Why is the heating element placed on the inner side of the outer glass ply? A. To deflect UV light B. To reduce the risk of fogging C. To apply heat effectively to the outer surface

C. To apply heat effectively to the outer surface

On which aircraft components is chemical anti-icing typically used? A. Engine turbines and hydraulic rams B. Landing gear and fuel tanks C. Wings, stabilisers, windshields, and propellers

C. Wings, stabilisers, windshields, and propellers

What is the principle behind the TKS system? A. Heat conduction through oil B. Freezing point depression by antifreeze solution C. Magnetic repulsion of ice crystals

B. Freezing point depression by antifreeze solution

How is TKS fluid delivered in a weeping wing system? A. Sprayed via nozzles under the wing B. Poured before takeoff manually C. Pumped from a reservoir through a mesh screen in the wing leading edge

C. Pumped from a reservoir through a mesh screen in the wing leading edge

What is the main function of pneumatic de-ice boots? A) To melt ice using electric heat B) To break ice off the leading edge by inflating C) To apply chemical fluid on surfaces

B) To break ice off the leading edge by inflating

What is the air source for pneumatic boots on reciprocating engine aircraft? A) Engine bleed air B) Dedicated engine-driven air pump C) Electrically powered vacuum

B) Dedicated engine-driven air pump

How are pneumatic de-ice boots deflated? A) By vacuum suction B) By electrical release C) By gravity and airflow

A) By vacuum suction

What does a pressure relief valve do in a de-icing system? A) Maintains temperature B) Prevents regulator valve failure damage C) Controls airflow to the boots

B) Prevents regulator valve failure damage

What is an advantage of electric de-ice boots over pneumatic types? A) No moving parts – they heat to melt the ice B) They use less electrical power C) They cycle faster than pneumatic systems

A) No moving parts – they heat to melt the ice

What is the purpose of a cycling timer in electric de-icing systems? A) It powers a vacuum pump intermittently B) It controls heating intervals to melt ice C) It cycles airflow through boot chambers

B) It controls heating intervals to melt ice

How long are heating elements typically energized during a propeller de-icing cycle? A) 5 to 10 seconds B) 15 to 30 seconds C) 1 to 2 minutes

B) 15 to 30 seconds

What does windshield chemical de-icing do? A) Uses hot air to blow off frost B) Electrically heats glass panels C) Sprays fluid to remove or prevent ice formation

C) Sprays fluid to remove or prevent ice formation

Which of the following is not a system used to control rain on an aircraft windshield? A. Chemical rain repellent B. Vacuum suction system C. Pneumatic rain removal (jet blast)

B. Vacuum suction system

What is the purpose of the hydrophobic coating on the external windshield surface? A. To make the windshield waterproof B. To cause raindrops to bead and roll off for clearer visibility C. To prevent scratches from wiper blades

B. To cause raindrops to bead and roll off for clearer visibility

How is chemical rain repellent applied in the flight deck? A. By turning a manual valve B. Through a timed push-button or switch C. Using a continuous-flow dial

B. Through a timed push-button or switch

Why should chemical rain repellent not be used on dry windows? A. It permanently damages the windshield B. It evaporates too quickly C. Undiluted repellent reduces visibility

C. Undiluted repellent reduces visibility

What does the heated air in pneumatic rain removal do? A. It cools the windshield to prevent fog B. It powers the wiper motor C. It breaks raindrops into small particles and prevents freezing

C. It breaks raindrops into small particles and prevents freezing

What kind of solution must be applied when cleaning aircraft windshields? A. 60/40 water to alcohol solution B. 100% alcohol C. 50/50 solution

C. 50/50 solution

How does a hydrophobic coating provide long-term effectiveness? A. By repelling dust and insects B. By penetrating the windshield surface C. By creating a static charge

B. By penetrating the windshield surface

When the hydrophobic coating’s effectiveness decreases, what is the recommended action? A. Replace the entire windshield B. Scrub the coating with a solvent C. Reapply a fresh coating during maintenance

C. Reapply a fresh coating during maintenance

Where are effective thermal electric anti-ice systems commonly used? A. Fuel tanks and flaps B. Air data probes and engine sensors C. Main landing gear and wing tips

B. Air data probes and engine sensors

What does a pitot tube use to prevent ice formation? A. An internal electrical heating element B. A hot air blast system C. A mechanical scraper

A. An internal electrical heating element

Which of the following is not typically protected by thermal electric anti-ice systems? A. TAT and AOA probes B. Wastewater drain lines C. Flap hinges

C. Flap hinges

When do electrical heaters in water lines turn on? A. When a pressure switch is activated B. When the temperature falls below freezing C. When the engine reaches idle RPM

B. When the temperature falls below freezing

What controls the on/off function of electrical heaters in aircraft water lines? A. Flight deck switches B. Manual override handles C. Thermostats and control units

C. Thermostats and control units

How is ice formation prevented in potable water and waste systems? A. By frequent flushing B. By wrapping pipes in insulating foam C. By using heater blankets, in-line heaters, or heater boots

C. By using heater blankets, in-line heaters, or heater boots

What happens to electrical heaters once the temperature returns to a safe level? A. They stay on for 10 more minutes B. They deactivate C. They switch to standby mode

B. They deactivate

How many electrically operated wipers does an aircraft typically have? A. One shared between pilots B. Two – one for each pilot C. Three – one for each pilot and one for backup

B. Two – one for each pilot

What is the purpose of having separate wiper systems for each pilot? A. For fuel efficiency B. To allow faster wiping speeds C. To maintain visibility if one system fails

C. To maintain visibility if one system fails

What powers most modern aircraft windshield wiper systems? A. Pneumatic pressure B. Hydraulic power C. Electrical motors

C. Electrical motors

What does the “Off/Park” mode do in a windshield wiper system? A. Increases wiper speed B. Activates wiper heating C. Sets the wiper in the stowed position

C. Sets the wiper in the stowed position

What is the approximate cycle rate of the wiper in “Low” mode? A. 160 cycles per minute B. 100 cycles per minute C. 250 cycles per minute

A. 160 cycles per minute

What is the approximate cycle rate of the wiper in “High” mode? A. 180 cycles per minute B. 250 cycles per minute C. 300 cycles per minute

B. 250 cycles per minute

What adjustment is made to the wiper system to improve sweep performance? A. Adding fluid to the motor B. Changing blade tension and sweep angle C. Lubricating the wiper with alcohol

B. Changing blade tension and sweep angle

11.12 Ice And Rain Protection Flashcards

(68 cards)