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Anatomy3651 > Epithelium and Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelium and Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue is made of ____ and _____

A

cells and extracellular matrix

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2
Q

What is known as the suspension medium that surrounds cells?

A

extracellular matrix

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3
Q

What type of tissue is described as sheets that line and cover body surface, body cavities, and the inside and outside of hollow organs?

A

epithilia

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4
Q

The function of epithelia depends on the ___ type

A

cell

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5
Q

Where would you find epithelial tissues in the body?

A

skin, lining hollow organs, lining body cavities

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6
Q

What are the type main types of epithelia?

A

membranous and glandular

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7
Q

What type of epithelia covers the outer and inner surfaces or lines a body cavity?

A

membraneous

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8
Q

What type of epithelia secretes substances onto the surface of the epithelia?

A

glandular

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9
Q

Glandular epithelia is _____ with membranous epithelia

A

continuous

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10
Q

Secretions come out of the _____ of the gland

A

ducts

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11
Q

Epithelia having a free apical surface and an attached basal surface displays _____

A

polarity

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12
Q

What two things does the intercellular junction do?

A

limits transportation between cells, and creates a semi permeable membrane for letting things in and out of the cell

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13
Q

What does avascular mean?

A

no blood vessels

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14
Q

What must epithelia be supported by connective tissue?

A

to diffuse nutrients, oxygen, and to rid of waste

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15
Q

The ____ separates the epithelia and the connective tissue

A

basement membrane

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16
Q

Epithelia has a high rate of cell ____ and _____

A

cell death, regeneration

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17
Q

Epithelia has an abundance of _____ and limited ______

A

cells, extracellular matrix

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18
Q

What are the two parts of naming epithelia?

A

cell layers and cell shape

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19
Q

What are the two levels of epithelial cell layers?

A

simple and stratified (and pseudostratified)

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20
Q

What cell type is described as one layer of cells where they are all attached to the basement membrane?

A

simple

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21
Q

What cell type is described as more than one layer of cells where not all of the cells are attached to the basement membrane?

A

stratified

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22
Q

What type of cell appears to be more than one layer, but all cells are attached to the basal surface, though not to apical surface?

A

pseudostratified

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23
Q

What type of cell is flat, plate-line, wider than they are tall, with oval nuclei

A

squamous

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24
Q

What type of cell is as wide as they are tall with a circular nuclei?

A

cuboidal

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25
Q

What type of cell is taller than it is wide with an oval nuclei?

A

columnar

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26
Q

What type of cell produces mucus that traps foreign cells, lubricates apical surfaces, and serves as protection?

A

Goblet cells

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27
Q

What device moves mucus across apical surface and is always present with goblet cells?

A

cilia

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28
Q

cilia moves in a ______ pattern

A

wave-like

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29
Q

What type of cells is one layer with cells wider than they are tall with an oval nuclei with functions of diffusion and filtration?

A

simple squamous

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30
Q

What type of cell is one layer with cells as wide as they are tall, round nuclei, and functions for absorption and secretion?

A

simple cuboidal

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31
Q

What type of cell is one layer with cells that are taller than they are wide, oval nucleus, and functions for absorption and secretion?

A

simple columnar

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32
Q

What type of cell is multiple layers with cells wider than they are tall, oval nuclei, and function as protection?

A

stratified squamous

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33
Q

What type of cell has all cells touching the basement membrane but not the apical surface, are taller than they are wide, have cilia and goblet cells, oval nuclei, and function for protection?

A

pseudostratified columnar

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34
Q

What is another tern for respiratory epithelia?

A

pseudostratified columnar

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35
Q

What is another term for pseudostratified columnar cells?

A

respiratory epithelia

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36
Q

What type of cell has the purpose of stretching and changing shape to be cuboidal when relaxed and squamous when streched?

A

transitional

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37
Q

Where is transitional epithelia located?

A

urinary tract

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38
Q

What type of epithelia is primarily in the urinary tract?

A

transitional epithelia

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39
Q

The nuclei are always _____ in transitional epithelia

A

circular

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40
Q

Transitional relaxed cells are ____ shaped

A

cuboidal

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41
Q

Transitional distended cells are ____ shaped

A

apical

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42
Q

What is unique to transitional epithelia in the apical layer?

A

umbrella shape

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43
Q

What type of cell are all gland cells?

A

simple cuboital

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44
Q

What type of cell are all gland cells?

A

simple cuboidal

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45
Q

What type of connective tissue surrounds and protects organs, muscles, blood vessels, and nerves?

A

connective proper

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46
Q

What type of connective tissue carries and stores nutrients?

A

blood

47
Q

What type of connective tissue supports?

A

bone, cartilage, and dense connective tissue

48
Q

What type of connective tissue supports?

A

bone, cartilage, and dense connective tissue

49
Q

What type of connective tissue is for immunity?

A

blood cells, loose areolar

50
Q

What type of connective tissue is for insulation?

A

adipose

51
Q

What is the ECM of connective tissue made of?

A

fibers and ground substance

52
Q

What is known as a gel-like material with varying viscosity depending on the function of the tissue?

A

ground substance

53
Q

The cells of connective tissue produce the _____

A

ECM

54
Q

What are the 5 types of cells that may be found in connective tissue?

A

fibroblasts, adipocytes, blood cells, chondrocytes, and osteocytes

55
Q

What cell is spindle shape and found in connective tissue proper?

A

fibroblasts

56
Q

What cells are also known as fat cells that store lipids in cytoplasm, provide cushion, insulate, and thermoregulate?

A

adipocytes

57
Q

What type of cells defect against infection via immune response?

A

blood cells

58
Q

What type of cells are found in cartilage and reside in lacunae?

A

chondrocytes

59
Q

What type of cell is found in bone and resides in lacunae?

A

osteocytes

60
Q

What are the 3 types of fiber?

A

collagen, reticular, and elastic

61
Q

What type of fiber can be split into 1 and 2, and provides tensile (able to pull and not break) strength?

A

Collagen

62
Q

Type 1 collagen is found in ___,____,_____, and ______

A

bone, skin, tendons, ligaments

63
Q

Type 2 collagen is found in _____

A

hyaline

64
Q

What type of fiber supports tissue structure like a sticky web, is also known as type 3 collagen, and is silver on a black stain?

A

Reticular

65
Q

What type of fiber allows for stretch and recoil and is found in the arterial supply?

A

Elastic

66
Q

What is known as a complex gel secreted by fibers that is made of huge, water attracting macromolecules that produces a flexible medium that diffusion of nutrients and waste can occur?

A

ground substance

67
Q

Ground substance is flexible and can resist _____ so it is found in joints

A

compression

68
Q

List the 4 types of connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood

69
Q

What are the 2 types of connective tissue proper?

A

loose and dense

70
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue proper?

A

loose areolar, adipose, reticular

71
Q

What are the 2 types of dense connective tissue proper?

A

regular and irregular

72
Q

What type of dense connective tissue proper is found in tendons, ligaments, and some fascia?

A

regular

73
Q

What type of dense connective tissue proper is found in dermis and some facia?

A

irregular

74
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

75
Q

What type of loose connective tissue is described as being the most abundance, retains bodily fluid, helps cells fight infection, and has a loose, spacey appearence?

A

Loose areolar

76
Q

What type of loose connective tissue contains fibroblasts, blood cells, adipocytes, and collagen and elastic fibers?

A

loose areolar

77
Q

What type of loose connective tissue proper is a supportive tissue made of reticular fibers that forms a network to support adipose, lymph nodes, bone marrow, kidney, liver, etc.

A

Reticular

78
Q

What type of loose connective tissue contains fibroblasts and reticular fibers?

A

Reticular

79
Q

What type of loose connective tissue is lobulated fat cells arranged in a cluster that maintain shape, cushions, and provides insulation?

A

Adipose

80
Q

What type of loose connective tissue contains adipocytes and sometimes reticular fiber?

A

Adipose

81
Q

What is found in dense connective tissue proper?

A

fibroblasts and collagen 1

82
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue has ______ strength

A

multi-directional

83
Q

What are the 3 major functions of cartilag?

A

support/protect soft tissue, cover the ends of bones and joints, and provide initial model for most bones

84
Q

What is known as a dense, irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage for protection?

A

perichondrium

85
Q

What do chondrocytes do?

A

mature cells that maintain cartilage

86
Q

Blast means what?

A

produce

87
Q

Cyte means what?

A

support

88
Q

In cartilage, the ground substance is gel-like and made mostly of _____

A

water

89
Q

Chondroblasts secrete matrix below _____ and become chondrocytes

A

perichondrium

90
Q

Why doesn’t cartilage regenerate or heal well?

A

it is avascular (no blood vessels) and lacks innervation (nerve endings)

91
Q

What type of cartilage is the most abundance, has few fibers in the ECM, and provides a model for the formation of the fetal skeleton?

A

hyaline

92
Q

What type of cartilage is found as a cushion in joints, in the respiratory tract, nose, and costal cartilage?

A

hyaline

93
Q

What type of cartilage is the least common and is highly flexible?

A

elastic

94
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the ear and the epiglottis?

A

elastic

95
Q

What type of cartilage is abundant in cartilage fibers in parallel and resists stretching and compression, serving as a cushion between bones and joints?

A

fibrocartilage

96
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the menisci, intervertebral disks, and pubic symphysis?

A

Fibrocartilage

97
Q

What types of cartilage have chondrocytes irregularly spaced?

A

hyaline and elastic

98
Q

What type of cartilage has chondrocytes arranged in parallel?

A

fibrocartilage

99
Q

What type of connective tissue is dense and solid, interlaced with minerals, that has osteocytes residing in lacunae that engage in canaliculi communication with other osteocytes?

A

bone

100
Q

What type of connective tissue distributes oxygen, nutrients, and protection with a less viscous ground substance in order to flow through vessels of the body?

A

blood

101
Q

What type of blood cells function in immunity and have distinctive nuclei and cell size?

A

leukocytes (WBC)

102
Q

Leukocytes are also called _____

A

white blood cells

103
Q

White blood cells are also called _____

A

leukocytes

104
Q

What type of blood cells are concave and function in the gas transportation of O2 and CO2?

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)

105
Q

Erythrocytes are also known as ______

A

red blood cells

106
Q

Red blood cells are also known as ______

A

erythrocytes

107
Q

What type of blood cell is cell fragments and functions in blood clotting?

A

platelets

108
Q

Membranes are made of _____ and ______

A

epithelium and connective tissue

109
Q

Cutaneous membrane is the same as what?

A

skin

110
Q

What type of cells are found in cutaneous membrane (epidermis portion)

A

stratified squamous

111
Q

What type of connective tissue is found in cutaneous membrane (dermis portion)

A

dense irregular

112
Q

What type of membrane produce mucus, are true epithelia, have goblet and cilia always present?

A

mucus membrane

113
Q

What type of cells are found in the mucus membrane?

A

simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar

114
Q

What type of connective tissue is found in the mucus membrane?

A

loose connective (lamina propria is specific to mucus producing membranes)

Anatomy3651 (33 decks)

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