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Anatomy3651 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main functions of blood?

A

transportation, regulation, protection

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts related to blood regulating?

A

pH, body temperature, normal fluid levels

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3
Q

what are the 2 parts related to blood protecting?

A

immunity, clotting

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4
Q

what are the 3 formed elements of blood?

A

RBC, WBC, platelets

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5
Q

what is hematocrit a test of?

A

how much blood volume is RBC

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6
Q

___% of blood volume is plasma

A

55

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7
Q

plasma is bade of what major components?

A

water, protein, electrolytes/nutrients/waste

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8
Q

____% of blood volume is erythrocytes

A

44

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9
Q

___% of blood volume is buffy coat

A

1

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10
Q

what are the 2 components of buffy coat?

A

platelets, leukocytes

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11
Q

what are the 3 major types of plasma proteins?

A

albumin, globulins, fibrinogens

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12
Q

this plasma protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure to allow blood cells to circulate and maintain size and volume, and transport hormones, ions, and lipids

A

albumin

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13
Q

plasma is 60% ____

A

albumin

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14
Q

this plasma protein contains immunoglobulins for the immune system to fight infection

A

globulins

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15
Q

plasma is 35% ____

A

globulins

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16
Q

this plasma protein releases clotting factors to convert fibrinogen into fibrin

A

fribrinogens

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17
Q

plasma is 4% ____

A

fibrinogens

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18
Q

a __ ____ is a way to evenly distribute blood for morphological examination

A

blood smear

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19
Q

erythrocytes do not contain ____ or ____

A

nucleus, organelles

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20
Q

the ____ of RBC contain hemoglobin

A

cytoplasm

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21
Q

RBC transport ____ to tissues and __ ___ to lungs

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide

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22
Q

the ___ ____ shape of RBC facilitates gas exchange

A

biconcave disc

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23
Q

RBC shape allows for what 2 things?

A

squeeze, rapid diffusion of gases

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24
Q

one hemoglobin unit contains ____ globin chains and ___ heme units

A

4, 4

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25
Q

each heme unit contains ___ iron that binds to one ___ molecule

A

1, O2

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26
Q

each blood cell contains _____ heme units that transport _____ oxygen molecules

A

300 million, 1.2 billion

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27
Q

the iron of heme will bind O2 to CO2 during ___ ___ in the ___ or _____

A

gas exchange, tissue, lungs

28
Q

___ is the production of the cellular components of blood

A

hematopoiesis

29
Q

hematopoietic stem cells are called _____

A

hematocytoblasts

30
Q

hematopoietic stem cells are called _____

A

hemocytoblasts

31
Q

hemocytoblasts produce ____ and ___ cells

A

lymphoid, myeloid

32
Q

___ cells produce erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and all leukocytes except lymphocytes

A

myeloid

33
Q

____ cells produce lymphocytes

A

lymphoid

34
Q

____ is the production of RBC that occurs in bone marrow

A

erythropoiesis

35
Q

erythropoiesis is stimulated by ____ found in the kidney

A

erythropoietin

36
Q

red marrow for RBC production is found in ___ ____ and the proximal ends of __ ___ ___

A

midline bones, proximal long bones

37
Q

erythrocytes circulate for ___ days

A

120

38
Q

in the spleen and liver, erythrocytes decompose into _____, ____, and ____

A

hemoglobin, iron, bilirubin

39
Q

hemoglobin and iron are decomposed for what purpose?

A

produce new RBCs

40
Q

bilirubin is converted to _____

A

bile

41
Q

the presence or absence of _____ ___ ____ determines blood type

A

cell surface antigens

42
Q

all red blood cells contain ____ _____ antigen

A

type O

43
Q

types __ and ___ antigens are only found on the cell surface

A

A,B

44
Q

blood plasma contains antibodies _____ foreign blood cells

A

against

45
Q

___ is the process of clotting when the wrong blood type is given to a patient

A

agglutination

46
Q

blood type ____ is the universal recipient

A

AB

47
Q

blood type ____ is the universal donor

A

O-

48
Q

Rh is surface antigen ___ _____

A

rhesus antigen

49
Q

what is the only way a person who is Rh negative will produce antibodies?

A

exposed to Rh positive blood

50
Q

what is the main purpose of leukocytes (WBC)?

A

initiate immune response

51
Q

____ leukocytes contain visible cytoplasmic granules, nuclei are divided into 2-5 lobes, and there are 3 categories

A

granular

52
Q

what are the 3 granular leukocytes?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

53
Q

_____ leukocytes have cytoplasmic granules that are not visible, are single lobed nucleus, and there are 2 categories

A

agranular

54
Q

60-70% of leukocytes are _____

A

neutrophils

55
Q

ID: nuclei with 2-6 connected lobes, referred to as polymorphonuclear (PMN), first immune response to infection site, granules are digestive enzymes that destroy bacteria, accumulation of dead tissue to create puss

A

neutrophils

56
Q

ID: nucleus with 2 connected lobes, earmuff shape, granules contain digestive enzymes, attacks parasites

A

eosinophil

57
Q

ID: nucleus with 2 connected lobes, U or S shape, granules stain dark blue, release histamine and heparin during allergic or inflammatory reaction, assist in vasodilation and inhibition of blood clotting

A

basophil

58
Q

ID: large nucleus, horseshoe-shaped nucleus, phagocytizes bacteria and cell walls, exits bloodstream and enters bodily tissues

A

monocytes

59
Q

what is the name of monocytes that enter bodily tissues?

A

macrophages

60
Q

ID: nucleus almost fills entire cell, resides in lymphatic structures and organs, major component of immune system

A

lymphocytes

61
Q

what are the 3 types of lymphocytes?

A

b, T, natural killers

62
Q

B and T lymphocytes are ____ ____

A

antigen specific

63
Q

natural killers attack ____

A

everything

64
Q

____ are anucleate, cellular fragments produced by bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes

A

platelets (thrombocytes)

65
Q

megakaryocytes extend ___ ____ into the walls of __ ____

A

long processes, blood vessels

66
Q

what causes a piece to break off of megakaryocytes to become platlets?

A

force of blood flow

67
Q

the complex of ___ and ___ tightens and seals off lacerations

A

platelets, fibrin

Anatomy3651 (33 decks)

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