Brian and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
The cerebrum is divided into ___ hemispheres
2
What are the three major parts of the brain?
cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
The diencephalon is located in what major part of the brain?
cerebral hemispheres
What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata passes through what part of the skull?
foramen magnum
The _____ is known as the forebrain
prosencephalon
The prosencephalon is known as the ______
forebrain
The _____ is known as the midbrain
mesencephalon
The mesencephalon is known as the _____
midbrain
The _____ is known as the hindbrain
rhombencephalon
The rhombencephalon is known as the _____
hindbrain
What primary vesicles are present at 4 weeks development?
prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
The prosencephalon develops into what two structures?
telencephalon, diencephalon
The telencephalon originates as _____
prosecephalon
The diencephalon originates as ______
prosecephalon
The telencephalon develops into _____
cerebrum
The cerebrum originates from the _____
telencephalon
The mesencephalon develops into the __________
mesencephalon
The mesencephalon develops (fully) into the _______
midbrain
The rhombencephalon develops into what structures?
metencephalon, myelencephalon
The metencephalon develops from the _____
rhombencephalon
The myelencephalon develops from the ________
rhombencephalon
The metencephalon develops into _____ and _______
pons, cerebellum
The pons develops from the _______
metencephalon
The cerebellum develops from the _______
metencephalon
The myelencephalon develops into the _________
medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata develops from the ________
myelencephalon
The structures of the brain are completed after ____ weeks
5
The deep groove of the cerebrum is called the _____ _____
lateral fissure
The dividing grooves of the cerebrum are called _____
sulcus
The wrinkles of the cerebrum are called ______
gyrus
The grey matter of the brain is the _______ matter made of ____ ______
outer, cell bodies
The _____ is the outer ring of grey matter of the brain
cortex
____ _____ are areas of grey matter embedded in white matter
cerebral nuclei
The white matter is the ______ matter of the brain made of _____ ______
inner, myelinated axons
Two major cerebrum fissures are ____ and _____
longitudinal, latitudinal
The two parts of the dura mater are what?
periosteal dura, meningeal dura
The outer layer of dura mater that attaches to the skull is ____
periosteal dura
The inner layer of dura mater that separates into the dural septum is _____
meningeal dura
The innermost meninge is what?
pia mater
The space between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater is the ____ _____
subarachnoid space
_____ _____ is the extension of arachnoid mater that anchors the arachnoid mater the the pia mater
arachnoid trabeculae
The subarachnoid space is filled with ____ and protects brain from ________
CSF, shock
What is the outermost meninge?
dura mater
What is the intermediate layer of meninge?
arachnoid
The ____ ____ fans out from the falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
The ____ ____ is the midline of the skull that acts for motion protection
falx cerebri
The ____ _____ _____ receives blood from the two hemispheres
superior sagittal sinus
The superior sagittal sinus receives blood from the ________
hemispheres
The _____ _____ ____ is a true vein that drains blood from the deeper brain
great cerebral vein
The straight sinus drains into the ____ _____ _____
confluence of sinuses
The ____ ___ ______ is where blood collects from the veins of the brain
confluence of sinuses
The confluence of sinuses sends blood out from left and right into the ___ ____ ____
interior jugular vein
_____ is the term for brain cavities
ventricles
CSF is produced in the ___ _____
chorae plexus
What are the 3 ventricles?
lateral, third, fourth
__CSF leaks from what ventricle?
fourth
CSF leaks from the 4th ventricle into the ______ ________
subarachnoid space
Blood circulates in the subarachnoid space for _____ and _____ _________
buoyancy, shock absorption
The route that CSF takes through the ventricles is ____ to ____ to _____
lateral, third, fourth
___ _____ are one way CSF valves that block leakage of blood into the subarachnoid space
arachnoid villi
Each ventricle has ___ ____
chori plexus
The division of the brain into left and right cerebral hemispheres is due to the _______ _________
longitudinal fissure
The pre-central gyrus controls _____
motor
The post-central gyrus controls ________
sensory
The pre-central and post-central gyrus are separated by the ____ ______
central sulcus
The parietal lobe and occipital lobe are separated by the ____-______ ______
parieto-occipital sulcus
Is the primary motor cortex, controls skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body, and where paralysis deficit occurs
precentral gyrus
Is the motor speech area that controls outgoing communication by organizing thoughts to be expressed
Broca’s ara
Is the motor speech area that controls outgoing communication by organizing thoughts to be expressed
Broca’s area
Is the receptor of smell signals
primary olfactory cortex
Controls hearing from nerve impulses of the inner ear
primary auditory cortex
Collects vision reception from optic nerves
primary visual cortex
Is responsible for sensory speech, allowing you to understand incoming speech and reading
Wernicke’s area
Receives skin sensation from the opposite side of the body, a deficit causes skin numbness
postcentral gyrus
Is between the frontal and temporal nerve are receives taste impulses
insula
The first sense that is developed is what?
taste
This side of the brain control spoken and written language, numerical and scientific skills, and reasoning
right
This side of the brain is for musical and artistic awareness, space and pattern perception, insight, imagination, and generating mental images to compare spatial relationships
left
____ _____ interconnect parts of the same hemisphere
association tracts
____ _____ connect one hemisphere to the other
commissural tracts
The largest commissural tract is what?
corpus callosum
What is the corpus callosum?
the largest commissural tract
____ ___ can be severed to prevent seizures
corpus callosum
_____ ______ carry axons of brain cells that leave the brain to the stem and spinal cord
projection tracts
What are the 3 major parts of the diencephalon?
thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus
Relays somatosensation to cerebral cortex
thalamus
Controls the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, regulates body temp, controls emotion, hunger and thirst, and oversees the circadian rhythm
hypothalamus
