1.3 - Cleft Lip +/- Palate

Question 1

What kind of disorder is Cleft Lip +/- Palate?

2

Answer 1

Multi-factorial Inheritance:

Disorder caused by interaction of multiple genes with environmental influences

Question 2

How frequently do clefts occur?

Answer 2

1 in 595 births

CDC, 2006

Question 3

How many Clefts are Lip only?

How many of these are Unilateral?

How many are on the Left Side?

Answer 3

25% lip only

80% are unilateral

70% of the time it is on the left)

Question 4

How many Clefts are Palate only?

Answer 4

25% palate only

Question 5

How many Clefts are Lip + Palate?

Answer 5

50% lip and palate

Question 6

In which Ethnicity are clefts most common?

Which Ethnicities are the next common? (3)

Answer 6

Native Americans

Asians -> Caucasians -> African Americans

Question 7

Which Gender experiences more Combination Clefts (Lip + Palate)?

Answer 7

Males

Question 8

Which Gender experiences more Severe Forms of cleft?

Answer 8

Males

Question 9

Which Gender experiences more Palatal Clefts?

Answer 9

Females

Question 10

What percentage of individuals with Cleft have at least one other abnormality?

Answer 10

14-15%

Varies based on cleft type

Question 11

What percentage of individuals with Cleft of the Lip Only have at least one other abnormality?

Answer 11

7%

Question 12

What percentage of individuals with Cleft of the Lip + Palate have at least one other abnormality?

Answer 12

14%

Question 13

What percentage of individuals with Cleft of the Palate Only have at least one other abnormality?

Answer 13

24%

Question 14

How does Parental Age affect the risk of Cleft?

Answer 14

No direct effect

Question 15

How does Birth Order affect the risk of Cleft?

Answer 15

No direct effect

Question 16

What is the Etiology of Cleft?

2

Answer 16

Cause of birth defect is due to Multifactoral Inheritance:

Predisposition is exasperated by environmental factors

(Genetic + Environmental)

Question 17

How does Genetics/Family History increase one’s risk of Cleft?

Answer 17

If mother or father has cleft palate and one child already has cleft palate, next child is 17% likely to have cleft palate!

Question 18

What Environmental Factors/Teratogens increase one’s risk of Cleft?

(4)

Answer 18

Drugs (Valium, dilantin, acutane)

Smoking

Insufficient folic acid

Maternal diabetes

Question 19

How many Clefts are estimated to be due to Inheritance?

Answer 19

20%

Question 20

How many Clefts are estimated to be due to Chromosomal Influences?

Answer 20

3-5%

Question 21

How many Clefts are estimated to be due to Environmental Factors or Unknown?

Answer 21

65%

Question 22

What is a Complete Cleft?

What does it include? (4)

Answer 22

Goes all the way into nose

//

Lip

Alveolus

Hard palate

Velum

Question 23

At what point is development interrupted to cause a Complete Cleft?

Answer 23

Before the 9th week

Question 24

What is a Incomplete Cleft?

Answer 24

Doesn’t go into the nose entirely

Question 25

At what point is development interrupted to cause a Incomplete Cleft?

Answer 25

During 9th week

Question 26

What is a Unilateral Incomplete Cleft of the Lip Only?

Answer 26

An incomplete cleft on one side only

Question 27

What is a Bilateral Incomplete Cleft of the Lip Only?

Answer 27

An incomplete cleft on both sides

Question 28

What is a Unilateral Complete Cleft of the Lip Only?

Answer 28

A complete cleft on one side only

Question 29

What is a Bilateral Complete Cleft of the Lip Only?

Answer 29

A complete cleft on both sides

Question 30

What is a Bilateral Incomplete Cleft of the Palate Only?

Answer 30

A cleft of the palate that does not include the lips or alveolus.

Question 31

What are the 6 Levels of the Kernahan Striped-Y Classification?

Answer 31

Nose Nasal Floor Lip Alveolus Hard Palate Soft Palate

Question 32

What are two other forms of Cleft?

Answer 32

Soft Palate Only Holoprosencephaly (Midface Cleft)

Question 33

What is the Primary Palate?

Answer 33

Lip + alveolar process

Question 34

How can the Primary Palate be affect by Cleft? | 2

Answer 34

Can be complete or incomplete Unilateral or bilateral

Question 35

What is the Secondary Palate?

Answer 35

Hard + soft palate (area posterior to incisive foramen)

Question 36

How can the Secondary Palate be affect by Cleft?

Answer 36

Can be complete or incomplete

Question 37

What is a Submucous Cleft?

Answer 37

Cleft of soft palate where mucous membrane is intact

Question 38

What words are associated with Submucous Cleft? | 5

Answer 38

Bifid uvula Furrow along midline Zona pellucida Bony notch where posterior nasal spine should be Anterior insertion of levator muscle

Question 39

Muscle abnormalities....

Answer 39

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