1.1

Question 1

what are the anions

Answer 1

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nitrate
phosphate
chloride
hydrogen carbonate

Question 2

what are the cations

Answer 2

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sodium
calcium
hydrogen
magnesium

Question 3

hydrogen +

Answer 3

needed for respiration and photosynthesis

Question 4

hydrocarbonate

Answer 4

buffering the blood

Question 5

chloride -

Answer 5

synapses and secretory

Question 6

phosphate -

Answer 6

formation of dna + rna
used in the structure of cell membrane

Question 7

hydroxide -

Answer 7

affects the ph of substances

Question 8

magnesium 2+

Answer 8

production of chlorophyll

Question 9

calcium 2+

Answer 9

formation of bone, muscle contractions

Question 10

sodium 2+

Answer 10

synapses and secreteory system

Question 11

pottasium +

Answer 11

synapses, muscle contraction

Question 12

ammonium +

Answer 12

absorbed by plants to make amino acids

Question 13

nitrate -

Answer 13

needed for the formation of amino acids + DNA

Question 14

adhesive

Answer 14

attracted to other different molecules
important in plant transport systems and in surface tension

Question 15

cohesive

Answer 15

forces between molecules mean they stick together
important for movement of water from roots to leaves

Question 16

surface tension

Answer 16

water is polar and forms hydrogen bonds
this makes it cohesive
forming a net inward force at its surface
important in plant transport systems
life at surfact of ponds ect

Question 17

specific heat capacity of water

Answer 17

water forms many hydrogen bonds
which are very strong and require lots of energy to overcome
so it has a high specific heat capacity
this means the temp of large bodies of water eg lakes dont change much throughout the year
- good habitiats

Question 18

density of water

Answer 18

cools to 4* (maximum density)
as it cools further the molcules become more widely spaced
ice is less dense that water (floats)
forming an insulating layer
so organsims underneath can survive

Question 19

polar molcule

Answer 19

a molcule which has a dipole
one or more hydrogen atoms are involed in the bond increases the likelehood

Question 20

water structure

Answer 20

Question 21

why is water a good transport medium

Answer 21

so many substances dissolve in it
carries substances such as starch that form colloids

Question 22

why do water molecules attract

Answer 22

they are polar ions
the slightly negative attracts the slightly positive
join in a electrostatic froce called a hydrogen bond
hydrogen bonds are weak but together they are strong

Question 23

liquid

Answer 23

cannot be compressed
important for hydraulic mechansism

Question 24

what % of cells is water

Answer 24

60-70 %

Question 25

polar solvent

Answer 25

many ionoic and covalent substances will disolve in it -anything charged
-most of cells chemical reactions happen in water

Question 26

dipole

Answer 26

a molecule in which the concentration of the +ve charge is seperated from the -ve

Question 27

importance of drought

Answer 27

less water
so fewer mineral ions are taken up
less water for photosynthesis
less galp produced in Calvin cycle
less NPP

Question 28

calcium pectate

Answer 28

contains calcium ions
found in cell wall - in middle lamella
cell walls together
-maintains structure

Question 29

ions needed to form amino acid

Answer 29

nitrate ions

Question 30

ions needed to form dna

Answer 30

nitrate and phosphate