7.1

Question 1

genome

Answer 1

total of all genetic material in an organism

Question 2

pcr

Answer 2

polymerase chain reaction
amplification of dna in vitro (out of body)need
-Taq polymerase
duplicates DNA
-DNA
Original DNA to be replicated
-primers x2
a single strand of DNA that is complimentary to the target sequence allowing you to amplify any
-nucleotides
free nucleotides to make amplified DNA

Question 3

how does pcr work

Answer 3

• use (DNA) primers / nucleotides
• use {high temperature / 95 ◦
  C} for 30 seconds (to separate
  DNA strands by breaking h bonds
• use {lower temperature / 55 ◦
  C} for 20 seconds (to bind
  primers)
• heat to 72°C with polymerase (to replicate DNA)
• repeat process (to obtain many copies of DNA)
  heat tolrant DNA polymerase then replicates region of DNA
  takes longer for polyerasition of nucleotides

Question 4

dna sequencing

Answer 4

-The DNA is chopped into smaller pieces
-Double strands are separated into single strands
-PCR is used to amplify (replicate) the DNA.
-Terminator bases are added to the strands
-The coloured tags allow the bases to be read rapidly.

Question 5

dna profiling

Answer 5

analysing DNA for variations
mostly identical
found in introns (non coding regions)
micro/mini satellites -short sequences which are repeated
—- identifacation of repeating patterns in the non coding introns of dna

Question 6

sattelites

Answer 6

micro - 2-6 bases repeated 5-100x
mini - 10-100 bases repeated 50-many00x
same position but different number of repeats

Question 7

gel electrophoresis

Answer 7

dna is cutby restriction enzyme
electrical current seperates dna pieces in gel
negative DNA is attracted to positive electrode
separated DNA are transferred to membrane
chemicals make the bands visible

Question 8

gene probe

Answer 8

short DNA sequences labelled with a florescent molecule that are complimentary to specific DNA sequences
bind with DNA - hybridisation

Question 9

southern blotting

Answer 9

alkine buffer solution added to gel
nylon filter paper placed over
DNA solution drawn to paper
leaving the solution as blots
DNA is denatured so strands separate

Question 10

short tandem repeats

Answer 10

micro satalite regions used in dna identifcation

Question 11

restriction endonuclease

Answer 11

cut dna to make short tandem repeats