6.1

Question 1

culturing

Answer 1

growing a large number of microrgansims
provide with the right level of nutrients ph and temp

Question 2

aseptic techniques

Answer 2

important because stops unwanted bacteria which is good for safety and results

Question 3

inoculation

Answer 3

getting the bacteria onto your agar
can be done using an inoculation loop

Question 4

how to grow pure culture

Answer 4

anarobic conditions- only some can survive
nutrient requirements
indicator media

Question 5

cell counting

Answer 5

use a microscope and hemocytometer
-slide with grids
use the turbidity- more turbid more cells
- use colorimeter
dilution plating
-1 in 10 or 1 in 2
-use maths
area and mass of fungi

Question 6

generation time

Answer 6

time between divisions
can use logarirthmic scale

Question 7

expontential growth rate

Answer 7

Question 8

bacterial growth graph stages

Answer 8

lag- bacteria adapting to new enviroment
log- rate is close to or at maximum
stationary- total rate is 0 cells made is equal to cells dying
death- death rate is increasing and growth is close to 0

Question 9

why does growth decrease

Answer 9

nutrients available getting used up
build up of waste products

Question 10

endotoxins

Answer 10

lipopolysaccharides
outerlayer of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria
effect on the site of the infection as restricted to the wall
salmonella

Question 11

exotoxins

Answer 11

soluble proteins
free to move around
act as enzymes to break down
act as enzymes inhibitors to prevent normal enzyme function
bind to proteins
stapyloccus

Question 12

bacteriostatic

Answer 12

completly inhibits the growth of the microorganism

Question 13

bactericidal

Answer 13

destroy almost all of the pathogens present
used for severe infections

Question 14

factors of antibiotics

Answer 14

concentration
local ph
whether the pathogen or the host tissue destroy
susceptibility of the pathogen