2.3

Question 1

telophase

Answer 1

spindle fibres break down
nuclear envolopes form
nuclei and centrioles re form

Question 2

prophase

Answer 2

the nucleolus breaks down and the centrioles begin to pull apart to form the spindle

Question 3

cytokenisis

Answer 3

division of cytoplasm
contractile fibres tighten until cells seperate (animal)
cellulose wall builds up from the inside outward (plant)
two identical daughter cells formed

Question 4

metaphase

Answer 4

nucelar enveloped breaks down
centrioles moved to opposite poles forming microtubials aka spindle fibres
chromatids apear to jossle about on the equator
eventually line up with each centromere assosciated with a microtubial

Question 5

anaphase

Answer 5

chromatids split
drawn centromere first towards the poles
cannot move on their own, rely on microtubials

Question 6

sporeulation

Answer 6

product of asexual spores that are capable of growing into new individuals
can survive adverse conditions
easily spread over large surface area
most common in fungi and plants

Question 7

budding

Answer 7

outgrowth from the parent that producess a small, but identical individual produced from mitotic cell division
the bud eventually becomes detached and has a independant existance

Question 8

dry mass

Answer 8

most accurate way of measuring growth
remove water from organisms
kills it so no further growth can be recorded
grow large samples of geneticaly identical organisms then randomly sample them removing water
usefull for plants but unethical for animals

Question 9

regeneration

Answer 9

form of asexual reproduction when organisms replace part of the body that has been lost

Question 10

fragmentation

Answer 10

when organisms reproduce themselves from fragments of their body

Question 11

cell cycle

Answer 11

interphase
-cell grows and develops
-chromosomes replicate becoming chromatids
-organelles synthesised
mitosis
cytokenesis

Question 12

vegative propagation

Answer 12

sophisticated version of reproductive budding
occurs in flowering plants
often involves pernating organs which stores food from photosynthesis
e.g bulbs and runners

Question 13

interphase

Answer 13

normal metabolic proceses continue
chromasomes replicate
new cytoplasm and cell organelles synthesised
atp production stepped up

Question 14

recombenant alleles

Answer 14

process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles
crossing over occurs in same homologous pair
only half recombinant
or less if crossing over doesn’t occur

Question 15

when is crossing over

Answer 15

prophase 1