10.2

Question 1

producers

Answer 1

make food
autotrophs / photoautotrophs
e.g plants in photosynthesis

Question 2

primary consumers

Answer 2

the organisms, mainly animals that eat producers
herbivores
heterotroph

Question 3

secondary consumers

Answer 3

animals that feed on herbivores
carnivores
heterotroph
nutrients used for metabolic reaction

Question 4

tertiary consumers

Answer 4

animals that feed on other carnivores
top predators unless quaternary
use molecules for metabolic reactions

Question 5

community

Answer 5

multiple interacting populations in an enviroment

Question 6

ecosystem

Answer 6

all of the living organisms which interact and the nutrients cyling through them in an area

Question 7

biome

Answer 7

major ecosystems of the world

Question 8

taiga

Answer 8

temperate band of woodland in the northern hemisphere

Question 9

population

Answer 9

number of one species in one place at one time

Question 10

adaptation

Answer 10

a characteristics that improves an organisms chance of survival

Question 11

sucession

Answer 11

process of a community changing over time
pioneer species - normally
- plant
-autotrophic
-nitrogen fixing
decompostion recycles minerals
plants grow due to minerals
create neiches
goes through seres
go onto climax community
diversity increases
resistance to change increases

Question 12

primary succesion

Answer 12

no soil / bare rock

Question 13

secondary succesion

Answer 13

some soil
from a disturbance e.g fire

Question 14

intraspecific competition

Answer 14

between memebers of the same species

Question 15

interspecific

Answer 15

different species in a community

Question 16

gross primary productivity

Answer 16

the rate at which light from the sun catalyses the production of new plant material
g m-2 year -1
kj m-2 year -1

Question 17

net primary productivity

Answer 17

plant material formed thats stored as new body tissues
energy in producers that transfers to primary consumers
gpp - r
increases when photosynthesis > respiration

Question 18

equation to connect net and gross primary productivity

Answer 18

NPP=GPP-R(respiration)

Question 19

nitrogen cycle

Answer 19

animals and plants die
decomposers break down into ammonium compounds
oxidised by nitrifying bacteria
converted to nitrates
in soil to be absorbed by plants
nitrogen in the soil converted to ammonia by nitrogen fixing bacteria- then nitrates by nitrifying.
legumes (peas) have nodules on roots with nitrogen fixing bacteria - mutualistic relationship
denitrifing bacteria turn nitrates to nitrogen gas

Question 20

carbon cycle

Answer 20

co2 removed from air by photosynthesis
usd to make nutrients
plant eaten by animals
animals eaten by preditors
respiration releases co2
and when animals die decomposers break them down
decomposers respire

Question 21

cites

Answer 21

conservation of international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora
-not all countries signed up
-can be overpowered
-cross borders
-expensive to monitor

Question 22

energy in plants not eaten

Answer 22

passes to the animals
remains in plant biomass
released in respiration

Question 23

why do tropic levels differ

Answer 23

diff organisms use diff proportions of energy as use preparation for movement
material not digested
lost to excresion

Question 24

ecosystem

Answer 24

interactions between the enviroment and the organsism in it

Question 25

genertic bottleneck

Answer 25

reduced gene pool
increased chance of inheriting harmful recessive alleles