Chapter 9: Hearing and Language Flashcards
A receptor is?
a cell that responds to energy. Think of a neurotransmitter or neuron.
What is an adequate stimulus?
the energy form for which the receptor is specialized
What is sensation?
The gain of information. Ex: gaining sense of what touched you.
What is perception?
interpretation of information. Ex: making sense of things around you
What is the adequate stimulus for hearing?
Vibration in a
conducting medium
(air, water, bone)
What is the receptor for hearing?
cochlea or hair cell
What are the physical modalities for hearing?
frequency, intensity, and amplitude
How is frequency measured?
Hz or Hertz
What is intensity and amplitude?
the physical height of the wave
How is intensity and amplitude measured?
millivolts (mV)
Is loudness a sensation or perception?
perception
What is pitch in psychology?
the psychological perception of frequency
What are the psychological modalities of hearing?
pitch and loudness
How is loudness measured?
decibels
What is the human hearing range?
15-20,000 Hz
What are pure tones?
A frequency in which waves are constant.
What are complex sounds?
A frequency in which waves are not constant and almost random
The outer ear contains?
The pinna and the external auditory canal
What is the pinna responsible for?
selects sound in one direction and amplifies it
Where does the pinna connect to?
The tympanic membrane/eardrum
The middle ear contains?
The tympanic membrane, tensor tympani, ossicles, and eustachian tube
Is the outer ear visible?
yes
What are the ossicle names?
hammer, anvil, and stirrup
What does the tympanic membrane connect to?
The ossicles
What does the inner ear contain?
The oval window, round window, cochlea, cochlear canal, vestibular canal, tympanic canal, organ of corti, and auditory nerve
How is the cochlea shaped?
A snail
What is inside the cochlea?
sound-analyzing structures
What is in the cochlear canal?
auditory receptors
What is the organ of corti responsible for?
convert sound from a vibration to a neural signal
Where is organ of corti located?
The basilar membrane above the hair cells
What are the outer hair cells responsible for?
amplifying and sharpening sound
What are inner hair cells responsible for?
encoding sound into impulses
How many outer hair cells are there?
12,000
How many inner hair cells are there?
3,500