Cholinergic System

Question 1

There are two types of Cholinergic receptors they are

Answer 1

Muscarinic receptors
Nicotinic receptors

Question 2

All subtypes of muscarinic receptors are sensitive to

Answer 2

Atropine

Question 3

Muscarinic receptors found predominantly in the heart is

Answer 3

M2

Question 4

What Muscarinic receptors are found in glandular tissues, smooth muscles and endothelium

Answer 4

M3

Question 5

Nicotinic receptors are said to be pentamers because

Answer 5

They consist of 5polypeptide chains

Question 6

There are two types of Nicotinic receptors namely

Answer 6

Nm
Nn

Question 7

What type of Nicotinic receptors are located in skeletal muscle at the neuromuscular junction

Answer 7

Nm

Question 8

Drugs affecting Cholinergic mechanisms are classified into two main groups

Answer 8

Drugs that mimic the action of Ach
Substances that inhibit cholinesterases or enzymes that metabolize Ach

Question 9

Drugs that mimic the action of Ach can be divided into

Answer 9

•Choline esters; Ach, Metacholine, buthanecol
•Alkaloids; pilocarpine, nicotine

Question 10

Substances which inhibit the cholinesterases are divided into

Answer 10

•Short acting: Alcohol, Edrophonium
•Intermediate acting: Neostigmine, pyridostigmine, Physiostigmine
•Very long acting; Organophosphate, Echothiophate, Parazosin

Question 11

Cholinergic antagonists that block Muscarinic receptors

Answer 11

Tenezepine
Atropine
Dicyclomine
Scopolamine
Homatropine
Hyoscine
Prenzepine

Question 12

Cholinergic antagonists that block Nicotinic receptors in the ganglia

Answer 12

Hexamethonium
Trimethophan
Tetraethylammonium

Question 13

Nicotinic receptor antagonist at the motor end plate

Answer 13

Tubocurarine (flaccid paralysis)
Suxamethonium (spastic paralysis)

Question 14

Effect of Cholinergic drugs on CVS

Answer 14

Hypotension
Vasodilation
Decreased cardiac rate

Question 15

Effect of Cholinergic drugs on GIT

Answer 15

Increase motility
relaxation of sphincters

Question 16

Effect of Cholinergic drugs on Respiratory System

Answer 16

Constricts bronchial muscles
Induce secretion
ContraIndicated in asthmatics

Question 17

Effect of Cholinergic drugs on Urinogenital tract

Answer 17

Promotes micturition by relaxing trigone and sphincter muscle of bladder..also stimulating detrusor muscle

Question 18

Effect of Cholinergic drugs on the eye

Answer 18

Myoses..reduction of IOP

Question 19

Effect of Cholinergic drugs on salivary gland

Answer 19

Stimulates secretory actions of lacrimal, sweat and nasopharyngeal glands..gastric juice is secreted

Question 20

ContraIndications of Cholinergic drugs

Answer 20

Asthma
Acute iritis
Narrow angle glaucoma
Hyperthyroidism

Question 21

Two types of cholinesterase found in the body

Answer 21

True/Specific cholinesterase
Pseudo /Serum Cholinesterase

Question 22

AntiCholinesterase drugs are divided into three namely

Answer 22

1. Carbamate esters :Physiostigmine, neostigmine, pyridoxstigmine
2. Quartnary alcohol: Edrophonium
3. Organophosphate: Echothiophate, parathiol, malathion

Question 23

An example of an Irreversible anticholinesterase agent

Answer 23

Malathion
Parathion

Question 24

Group of compounds capable of regenerating the active enzyme from organophosphate

Answer 24

Oximes; Pralidoxime, diacylmonoxime, Obidoxime

Question 25

The most potent oxime used is

Answer 25

Obidoxime

Question 26

The most extensively used is

Answer 26

Pralidoxime

Question 27

Substances which inhibit release of ACh

Answer 27

Hemicholinium and magnesium